PBS高端访谈:拉斐尔的学生接受艺术熏陶

 　　JUDY WOODRUFF:Now, Jeffrey Brown continues his series with U.S. poet laureate Natasha Trethewey called "Where Poetry Lives," taking us to places where poetry and literature connect to everyday life.

　　In past stories, they visited a program for Alzheimer's patients in New York, and one in Detroit that encourages young students to write about themselves and their city.

　　Tonight, a different kind of connection, through the practice of medicine and healing.

　　JEFFREY BROWN:Outside Boston's Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital on a recent frigid² morning, Natasha Trethewey met up with a former poetry student of hers from Emory University.

　　Do you remember her as a teacher?

　　SAMYUKTA MULLANGI,student at Harvard Medical School:Of course I do.

　　JEFFREY BROWN:And Natasha remembers Sam, Samyukta Mullangi, fondly as well.

　　Now you get to see her as a budding doctor-to-be.

　　NATASHA TRETHEWEY,U.S. poet laureate:Yes, and she looks like the best, too. Seeing her talk about not only the work of being a physician, but also how poetry and language has a role in that.

　　JEFFREY BROWN:Sam is a fourth-year student at Harvard Medical School, but poetry is still a big part of her life, now with a new mentor³ who believes poetry can benefit every doctor's education and work, Rafael Campo.

　　DR. RAFAEL CAMPO,Harvard Medical School: I agree, Sam, totally clear.

　　JEFFREY BROWN: Doctor, professor and a highly regarded poet. His sixth volume, just published, is titled "Alternative Medicine."

　　RAFAEL CAMPO: "Someone is dying alone in the night. The hospital hums like a consciousness. I see their faces where others see blight⁴. The doctors make their rounds like satellites, impossible to fathom⁵ distances. Someone is dying alone under lights."

　　Poetry is in every encounter with my patients. I think healing really in a very profound way is about poetry, And If we do anything when we're with our patients, we're really, I think, immersing ourselves in their stories, really hearing their voices in a profound way. And, certainly, that's what a poem, I think, does.

　　JEFFREY BROWN:Campo worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today, a humanity that he finds in poetry.

　　To that end, he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents. And on the night we joined, the group explored one of Campo's central themes, the occasional disconnect between medical facts and human truths.

　　RAFAEL CAMPO: Sometimes facts become all-consuming in our work as docs and we may risk losing sight of some of the truths of the experience of illness, particularly from the perspective of our patients.

　　WOMAN:It's interesting to think about how there's a roomful of surgeons who perceive one truth from this case and the family wanted everything done, everything done. And they were living with a different truth, right, which is that this is their family member. They want any day extra possible with this person.

　　JEFFREY BROWN: Campo thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients, and poems like one he brought for his students to read, Marilyn Hacker's "Cancer Winter," can help close that gap.

　　WOMAN:"The hovering⁶ swarm⁷ has nothing to forgive. Your voice petitions the indifferent night, I don't know how to die yet. Let me live."

　　RAFAEL CAMPO:There's confrontation⁸ really with mortality. How does the poem make that happen?

　　WOMAN:We have this universal experience with mortality, and the speaker sort of invites us to grapple with it.

　　NATASHA TRETHEWEY:The way she shows us the landscape transformed through the lens of a diagnosis⁹. To know this now means you see ruin.

　　JEFFREY BROWN:Third-year resident Andrea Schwartz (ph) was one of the workshop regulars who read her own poetry.

　　WOMAN:"The whiteness of her mother's knuckles¹⁰ while we told her we couldn't promise a cure. After the call, I imagined the translator hanging up his receiver into the silence of his office, unable to break beyond his role to offer condolence or hope."

　　JEFFREY BROWN:The next day, Natasha and her former student compared notes.

　　NATASHA TRETHEWEY:One of the things we also talk about is the way that poetry connects us to the experience of other human beings. And wesaw -- I thought I saw that in wonderful detail in some of the poems that we read in the workshop last night.

　　SAMYUKTA MULLANGI:I was thinking about this yesterday as well, and it's that, outside of writing itself, I think there's no other profession other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does.

　　And I think because there's just so much power, I think, in physicians and patients interacting when patients are at their most vulnerable and at their most human.

　　JEFFREY BROWN: Natasha and I, of course, are typically in that patient role when we meet doctors, and this was a rare look behind the medical curtain.

　　NATASHA TRETHEWEY:When I heard that Dr. Campo talking yesterday about taking histories from patients and what's necessary to hear, I thought about language and the way that we use language in poetry and to try to get to something precise, to try to find a way to describe what is happening inside the body through the kind of precise language.

　　It's not just the scale of pain that they keep talking about, but also using metaphor¹¹ to be as precise as possible about what we are feeling as patients. If I could describe the pain metaphorically¹² like, you know, being hit by a truck or having a knife go into my abdomen¹³.

　　JEFFREY BROWN: Right. You're hearing them talk about different ways of using language. That's like poetry.

　　NATASHA TRETHEWEY: That's what poets do.

　　JEFFREY BROWN:Not everyone's convinced that's what doctors should do, though.

　　I saw in an essay you wrote where you said it was hard for you to admit to other doctors that you were a poet.

　　RAFAEL CAMPO:That's right. Yes, I sort of had to come out as a poet.

　　RAFAEL CAMPO:It was difficult.

　　I was afraid of how people might judge me, actually, and how my colleagues might perceive me. Another ethos in the medical profession, as many people know, is the sense that medicine is all-consuming and that we must always put the clinical emergency first.

　　JEFFREY BROWN: You are not going to write a sonnet¹⁴ at that moment.

　　RAFAEL CAMPO:I'm not writing a sonnet at that moment.

　　But, you know, that -- often, that kind of an intervention¹⁵ or that kind of an interaction results, if it's happening in the hospital, very regrettably, sadly, results in a bad outcome. The family is sitting by the bedside. The patient hasn't survived the arrhythmia. Don't we still have a role as healers there?

　　"Obesity¹⁶ writ¹ large no more, Alzheimer's forgotten. We could live carefree again."

　　JEFFREY BROWN: In a poem titled "Health," Campo writes of the desire to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable¹⁷ joy.

　　He says he will continue mentoring¹⁸ students, helping¹⁹ patients and writing poems, his own brand of alternative medicine.

1 writ   

n.命令状，书面命令

参考例句：

• This is a copy of a writ I received this morning.这是今早我收到的书面命令副本。
• You shouldn't treat the newspapers as if they were Holy Writ. 你不应该把报上说的话奉若神明。

2 frigid   

adj.寒冷的，凛冽的；冷淡的；拘禁的

参考例句：

• The water was too frigid to allow him to remain submerged for long.水冰冷彻骨，他在下面呆不了太长时间。
• She returned his smile with a frigid glance.对他的微笑她报以冷冷的一瞥。

3 mentor   

n.指导者，良师益友；v.指导

参考例句：

• He fed on the great ideas of his mentor.他以他导师的伟大思想为支撑。
• He had mentored scores of younger doctors.他指导过许多更年轻的医生。

4 blight   

n.枯萎病；造成破坏的因素；vt.破坏，摧残

参考例句：

• The apple crop was wiped out by blight.枯萎病使苹果全无收成。
• There is a blight on all his efforts.他的一切努力都遭到挫折。

5 fathom   

v.领悟，彻底了解

参考例句：

• I really couldn't fathom what he was talking about.我真搞不懂他在说些什么。
• What these people hoped to achieve is hard to fathom.这些人希望实现些什么目标难以揣测。

6 hovering   

鸟( hover的现在分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫

参考例句：

• The helicopter was hovering about 100 metres above the pad. 直升机在离发射台一百米的上空盘旋。
• I'm hovering between the concert and the play tonight. 我犹豫不决今晚是听音乐会还是看戏。

7 swarm   

n.(昆虫)等一大群；vi.成群飞舞；蜂拥而入

参考例句：

• There is a swarm of bees in the tree.这树上有一窝蜜蜂。
• A swarm of ants are moving busily.一群蚂蚁正在忙碌地搬家。

8 confrontation   

n.对抗，对峙，冲突

参考例句：

• We can't risk another confrontation with the union.我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。
• After years of confrontation,they finally have achieved a modus vivendi.在对抗很长时间后，他们最后达成安宁生存的非正式协议。

9 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

10 knuckles   

n.（指人）指关节( knuckle的名词复数 )；（指动物）膝关节，踝v.（指人）指关节( knuckle的第三人称单数 )；（指动物）膝关节，踝

参考例句：

• He gripped the wheel until his knuckles whitened. 他紧紧握住方向盘，握得指关节都变白了。
• Her thin hands were twisted by swollen knuckles. 她那双纤手因肿大的指关节而变了形。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 metaphor   

n.隐喻，暗喻

参考例句：

• Using metaphor,we say that computers have senses and a memory.打个比方，我们可以说计算机有感觉和记忆力。
• In poetry the rose is often a metaphor for love.玫瑰在诗中通常作为爱的象征。

12 metaphorically   

adv. 用比喻地

参考例句：

• It is context and convention that determine whether a term will be interpreted literally or metaphorically. 对一个词的理解是按字面意思还是隐喻的意思要视乎上下文和习惯。
• Metaphorically it implied a sort of admirable energy. 从比喻来讲，它含有一种令人赞许的能量的意思。

13 abdomen   

n.腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分)

参考例句：

• How to know to there is ascarid inside abdomen?怎样知道肚子里面有蛔虫？
• He was anxious about an off-and-on pain the abdomen.他因时隐时现的腹痛而焦虑。

14 sonnet   

n.十四行诗

参考例句：

• The composer set a sonnet to music.作曲家为一首十四行诗谱了曲。
• He wrote a sonnet to his beloved.他写了一首十四行诗，献给他心爱的人。

15 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

16 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

17 incurable   

adj.不能医治的，不能矫正的，无救的；n.不治的病人，无救的人

参考例句：

• All three babies were born with an incurable heart condition.三个婴儿都有不可治瘉的先天性心脏病。
• He has an incurable and widespread nepotism.他们有不可救药的，到处蔓延的裙带主义。

18 mentoring   

n.mentoring是一种工作关系。mentor通常是处在比mentee更高工作职位上的有影响力的人。他/她有比‘mentee’更丰富的工作经验和知识，并用心支持mentee的职业（发展）。v.（无经验之人的）有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• One of the most effective instruments for coaching and mentoring is the "role rehearsal" . 辅导和教学的最有效的手段之一是“角色排练。” 来自辞典例句
• Bell Canada called their mentoring system a buddy-buddy system. 加拿大贝尔公司称他们的训导系统是伙伴—伙伴系统。 来自互联网

19 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。