PBS高端访谈:试管受精成功的压力掩盖了伦理问题

 　　Since the 1980s, millions of American women have used fertility treatments, including the implantation of embryos³, to become pregnant.

　　But the process is expensive, averaging $12,000. Earlier this month, "Reveal", part of the Center for Investigative Reporting,

　　took an in-depth look at why the success rate might not be the best way of measuring a clinic

　　and how the growth in IVF treatment has helped drive up America's twin birth rate by 75 percent since 1980.

　　For more in this story, I recently spoke⁴ to "Reveal" reporter Bernice Yeung.

　　First of all, you pick out a very, very tragic⁵ case and you follow that through.

　　But it starts to highlight a much bigger picture that transcends⁶ the case in point,

　　that there really isn't a great way for a consumer to judge where to go to get this treatment.

　　My partner and I, Jonathan Jones, spent a year looking at the fertility field,

　　and what really struck was that there's a patch work of regulations that oversee⁷ the fertility business.

　　It's basically regulated like other fields of medicine, which means it's pretty hands-off.

　　But at the same time, given the ethical⁸ and innovation components⁹ to IVF and other fertility treatments,

　　we just found that there wasn't a lot of information provided to consumers.

　　So, give me an example here. What is a — if I went to a website to try to compare whether or not this is a good doctor or this is a good clinic,

　　what do I have access to and what am I judging them based on?

　　The only legislation and regulation out there that explicitly¹⁰ deals with the fertility field is a law that requires the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to collect success rates for IVF clinics.

　　What we found in our investigation¹¹ was that these success rates can be manipulated and they can also be really easily misunderstood by patients.

　　You have a chart inside the story that looks at how often U.S. IVF clinic transfers more than one embryo² and it's startling.

　　Considering the CDC says and suggests that you should do one at a time, the number of clinics who actually just never do more than one at a time is the minority by a long shot.

　　I think 63 clinics in the United States do zero single embryo transfers in women who are their youngest group.

　　This is a conversation that you need to have with your physician. It shouldn't just be an assumption that, you know, more than one embryo means success.

　　There are now new technologies that allow for one embryo at a time over severalty cycles and success is just as possible.

　　So, what's the incentive¹² for a physician or a clinic to try to implant¹ more than one embryo at a time?

　　Doctors and clinics are incentivized in the way that the data is gathered currently by the CDC to transfer more than one embryo at a time

　　because it's true that using more than one embryo at a time increases your chances of success, but you can retrieve¹³ those eggs,

　　develop them into embryos and then freeze those that you don't use the first time, and have similar chance of success,

　　but also, experience less potential risk for the mother and for the baby,

　　because there's this less chance of multiple gestation¹⁴ which is affiliated¹⁵ with a number of health and medical issues.

　　From the "Reveal" which is in the Center for Investigative Reporting — Bernice Yeung, thanks so much. Thank you. undefined

1 implant   

vt.注入，植入，灌输

参考例句：

• A good teacher should implant high ideals in children.好教师应该把高尚理想灌输给孩子们。
• The operation to implant the artificial heart took two hours.人工心脏植入手术花费了两小时。

2 embryo   

n.胚胎，萌芽的事物

参考例句：

• They are engaging in an embryo research.他们正在进行一项胚胎研究。
• The project was barely in embryo.该计划只是个雏形。

3 embryos   

n.晶胚；胚，胚胎( embryo的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Somatic cells of angiosperms enter a regenerative phase and behave like embryos. 被子植物体细胞进入一个生殖阶段，而且其行为象胚。 来自辞典例句
• Evolution can explain why human embryos look like gilled fishes. 进化论能够解释为什么人类的胚胎看起来象除去了内脏的鱼一样。 来自辞典例句

4 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

5 tragic   

adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的

参考例句：

• The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic.污染海滩后果可悲。
• Charles was a man doomed to tragic issues.查理是个注定不得善终的人。

6 transcends   

超出或超越（经验、信念、描写能力等）的范围( transcend的第三人称单数 )； 优于或胜过…

参考例句：

• The chemical dilution technique transcends most of the difficulties. 化学稀释法能克服大部分困难。
• The genius of Shakespeare transcends that of all other English poets. 莎士比亚的才华胜过所有的其他英国诗人。

7 oversee   

vt.监督，管理

参考例句：

• Soldiers oversee the food handouts.士兵们看管着救济食品。
• Use a surveyor or architect to oversee and inspect the different stages of the work.请一位房产检视员或建筑师来监督并检查不同阶段的工作。

8 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

9 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

10 explicitly   

ad.明确地，显然地

参考例句：

• The plan does not explicitly endorse the private ownership of land. 该计划没有明确地支持土地私有制。
• SARA amended section 113 to provide explicitly for a right to contribution. 《最高基金修正与再授权法案》修正了第123条，清楚地规定了分配权。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

11 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

12 incentive   

n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机

参考例句：

• Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
• He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。

13 retrieve   

vt.重新得到，收回；挽回，补救；检索

参考例句：

• He was determined to retrieve his honor.他决心恢复名誉。
• The men were trying to retrieve weapons left when the army abandoned the island.士兵们正试图找回军队从该岛撤退时留下的武器。

14 gestation   

n.怀孕；酝酿

参考例句：

• The gestation period can be anything between 95 and 150 days.妊娠期从95天至150天不等。
• This film was two years in gestation.这部电影酝酿了两年。

15 affiliated   

adj. 附属的, 有关连的

参考例句：

• The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
• All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。