PBS高端访谈:对抗阿片类物质危机 需要增加治疗资金

 　　Now let's turn to the opioid crisis in this country and the federal government's response.

　　Since he was elected, President Trump¹ called on a White House panel to recommend what more need to be done.

　　The commission, chaired by New Jersey² Governor Chris Christie, is expected to issue a final report this fall.

　　But, in the meantime, the commission released its initial recommendations yesterday, saying it was time to declare a national health emergency.

　　Special correspondent Nick Schifrin has the story. It's part of our ongoing³ coverage⁴ of the problem, called America Addicted⁵.

　　Every year, drug overdoses kill more people than gun homicides and car crashes combined; 142 Americans die every day from opioids.

　　That's the same toll⁶ as on 9/11 every three weeks. And since 1999, the number of opioid overdoses in the U.S. have quadrupled.

　　So, the commission suggests not only to declare a national emergency, but increase treatment under Medicaid,

　　educate doctors on how to better prescribe opioids, and increase use of medication that helps people overcome addiction⁷.

　　North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper, a Democrat⁸, is a member of the commission, and joins me now.

　　Governor, thank you very much for joining us.

　　There are already about three dozen declared national emergencies. Why would President Trump declaring another national emergency help?

　　Well, 142 people a day dying in the United States is completely unacceptable, and this is a fixable problem if we work together in a bipartisan way.

　　It could free up federal funds. It could also allow states to have the flexibility⁹ to provide more treatment.

　　And we're working together to make sure we address this problem, and it's something we need to do right now.

　　The report singles out Medicaid especially as the best way to increase treatment.

　　As you know, the president, to whom this report is directed,

　　has endorsed¹⁰ repeals¹¹ of the Affordable¹² Care Act that would actually reduce Medicaid reach. How do you square that circle?

　　Yes, this is one of the problems with the commission right now.

　　The report is incomplete. We're whistling past the graveyard¹³ if we don't recognize that, in order to provide treatment,

　　that we have to increase Medicaid funding to the states,

　　and we have to make sure that every American has good, quality health insurance that covers substance abuse and addiction treatment.

　　And even law enforcement is recognizing that we cannot arrest our way out of this problem.

　　Even law enforcement wants treatment for people who are addicted to opioids. We have to make sure that we fund this treatment.

　　We have a law enforcement-assisted diversion program here in North Carolina where law enforcement is actually asking for these treatment centers.

　　They know that they can't keep arresting people, then overdosing, sending them to emergency rooms, getting back out, arrested again.

　　That's a vicious cycle that's not working.

　　The report goes deep into how important it is to get to medication that helps overcome addiction. But there is some stigma¹⁴ over that.

　　There is a stigma of treating drugs with more drugs. How do you overcome that stigma?

　　I think it's clear that data shows that medication-assisted treatment can be effective to help people with opioid addiction,

　　and I'm glad the report gets into this and makes recommendations on it.

　　In fact, I think that it needs to be expanded. The data is pretty clear. It's also clear that individuals react differently to different medications.

　　So, you have to have providers who are trained in medication-assisted treatment.

　　But I think it's a positive thing. This is a crisis. We have got opioid addiction that's killing¹⁵ people.

　　If Medicaid-assisted treatment -- medication-assisted treatment is helpful to them, then we want to make sure that it's available to them.

　　The report talks about the importance of educating doctors on how to prescribe medication that helps overcome addiction.

　　But there have been reeducation efforts on that for the last year. Why would these recommendations succeed perhaps when others haven't?

　　Well, I think it puts an emphasis on it across the board, that every single medical provider needs to be taught about the problems of addiction.

　　I know that, when these opioids first appeared on the scene, particularly the super powerful ones,

　　doctors were prescribing them in bunches for pain relief, with little thought to the addiction that occurs subsequently to a lot of people.

　　Forgive my interruption, Governor.

　　Do you think that the medical providers don't have the up-to-date information now and need to have better information and more modern drugs?

　　A lot of them aren't even checking the prescription¹⁶ drug monitoring programs.

　　For example, someone comes in and asks for a prescription, the prescription is written,

　　these medical providers should check the monitoring system to determine whether they have gone to another doctor to get the same prescription.

　　So it's pretty clear to me that we aren't up to speed yet across the country with educating all medical providers as to the problem

　　and the steps that they need to take in order to prevent people from getting addicted to opioids. There's a lot we can do in that arena¹⁷.

　　Governor, thank you very much, Governor Roy Cooper of North Carolina. We appreciate it. Thank you. undefined

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 jersey   

n.运动衫

参考例句：

• He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
• They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致，都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。

3 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

4 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

5 addicted   

adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的

参考例句：

• He was addicted to heroin at the age of 17.他17岁的时候对海洛因上了瘾。
• She's become addicted to love stories.她迷上了爱情小说。

6 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

7 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

8 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

9 flexibility   

n.柔韧性，弹性，（光的）折射性，灵活性

参考例句：

• Her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
• The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。

10 endorsed   

vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品

参考例句：

• The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger. 委员会通过了主席提出的新方案，开始就可能进行的并购进行讨论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds. 政府基本上支持建议对14 岁少年实行新教育目标的研究报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 repeals   

撤销，废除( repeal的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The measure repeals a previous law that prevented local governments from targeting specific breeds for sterilization. 这项法令的出台将废止之前一项限制地方政府针对某种犬类采用绝育措施的法律。

12 affordable   

adj.支付得起的，不太昂贵的

参考例句：

• The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable.四居室房屋的房租付得起。
• There are few affordable apartments in big cities.在大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。

13 graveyard   

n.坟场

参考例句：

• All the town was drifting toward the graveyard.全镇的人都象流水似地向那坟场涌过去。
• Living next to a graveyard would give me the creeps.居住在墓地旁边会使我毛骨悚然。

14 stigma   

n.耻辱，污名；(花的)柱头

参考例句：

• Being an unmarried mother used to carry a social stigma.做未婚母亲在社会上曾是不光彩的事。
• The stigma of losing weighed heavily on the team.失败的耻辱让整个队伍压力沉重。

15 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

16 prescription   

n.处方，开药；指示，规定

参考例句：

• The physician made a prescription against sea- sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。
• The drug is available on prescription only.这种药只能凭处方购买。

17 arena   

n.竞技场，运动场所；竞争场所，舞台

参考例句：

• She entered the political arena at the age of 25. 她25岁进入政界。
• He had not an adequate arena for the exercise of his talents.他没有充分发挥其才能的场所。