PBS高端访谈:类阿片的解决方法要和其它治疗一样

AMNA NAWAZ: On average, 130 Americans die every day from opioid overdoses. Treating addiction¹ is proving to be a major challenge in the states hardest hit by the crisis. Tonight's Brief But Spectacular features clinical psychologist Dr. Navdeep Kang. He is working to make sure that those struggling with addiction in his home state of Ohio have access to the help they need.

DR. NAVDEEP KANG, Clinical Psychologist: The opioid epidemic² is the greatest public health crisis of our generation. We're talking about numbers on par³ with almost a plane full of people falling out of the sky every day. And if we don't do anything, we're looking at deaths over the next several years that are on par with the Civil War. I originally grew up in Cincinnati, and have basically lived there most of my life. We have a lot of folks who struggle to get access to care. And so people would have pretty frustrating⁴ experiences of calling a place for addiction treatment, and getting wait times in the range of 30 to 60 days, on average. There was a time when it took 53 days to get into addiction medicine services in Cincinnati. And that's completely unacceptable. Health care in general has understood how to treat addiction for a long time. But have we really operationalized it? Have we really carried forward those methods and applied⁵ them at great scale? What we did was take that literature, translate it into clinical practice, and make sure that there is a full continuum of service. Any time someone is looking for care across Southwest Ohio, they have the ability to access it, because we put 15 organizations together who said that, 24/7, we're going to find a way to get people access when we encounter them. I think, oftentimes, we have this false narrative⁶ that people choose these behaviors, and so why should we put all this energy into helping⁷ them? But, really, no one chooses to live a life of addiction.

They're disorders⁹ of the brain that ultimately impact all parts of a person's functioning and their family and their social network. If we apply the appropriate health care response, which is well-supported by science and literature, then we can actually make an impact, just like we do with any other chronic¹⁰ health care condition. The future of addiction treatment is pretty simple. What we're talking about in Cincinnati is mainstreaming addiction treatment into general health care. Just like you go to the doctor for any other chronic health care condition, you should be able to go to see your doctor for opioid use disorder⁸, alcohol use disorder, any addiction. And they should know how to treat it. What our vision is, is to have a community level understanding of addiction as a chronic medical condition warranting a health care response. And what that will allow us to do is make sure that prevention efforts are funded, and it will allow us to make sure that folks who are in recovery have every opportunity that everyone else does to work, to be with their family, and to pursue their dreams, because, ultimately, that's what we're seeking to do, not just track the number of people who are dying of overdoses, but start tracking the number of people who are living with substance use disorders as productive, contributing members of society. My name is Nav Kang, and this is my Brief But Spectacular take on rethinking addiction treatment.

AMNA NAWAZ: You can find more episodes of our Brief But Spectacular series at PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief.

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：美国平均每天有130人死于阿片类毒品吸食过量。对于受该危机影响最严重的一些州来说，如何处理毒瘾问题是重大挑战。今晚《简短而精彩》的主角是临床心理学家纳夫蒂。他的工作是确保他老家，也就是俄亥俄州挣扎于戒毒的人能获得所需要的帮助。

纳夫蒂，临床心理学家：阿片类毒品的泛滥是我们这一代最大的公共健康危机。这个危机导致每天都有许多人死去。如果我们什么都不做的话，那么未来数年中，因此而死去的人数将与内战相当。我一开始在辛辛那提长大，几乎一辈子都在这里生活。这里有很多人苦于得不到所需的医疗服务。所以许多人都很有挫败感，因为他们找不到可以戒毒的地方，再不就是平均要等上30-60天才能得到治疗。辛辛那提曾有一度需要53天才能获得戒毒的医疗服务。这是完全不可接受的。总体来说，长期以来，医疗服务是知道如何根除毒瘾的。但我们真地开始实施了吗？我们是否将这些方法发扬光大了？我们是否大规模应用了呢？我们所做的只不过是拿到文献、把文献转变成临床实操，然后确保医疗服务的连续统一性。在俄亥俄州西南部，需要医疗服务的人在任何时候都可以获得这样的服务，因为我们汇聚了15家组织，这些组织都说，我们会找到办法，让人们在需要的时候都可以全天候获得医疗服务。我想，我们经常会有一种错误的认识——有毒瘾的人都是自找的，我们为什么要花这么多气力来帮助他们呢？但其实没有人会故意选择带着毒瘾过一生。

毒瘾会导致大脑紊乱，最终影响人体机能的各部分，也影响他们的家人和他们的社交网络。如果我们能实施得当的医疗响应机制，并用科学和文献来稳固地支撑这样的机制，那么我们就能产生影响，就像我们应对其他慢性医疗情况那样。未来对毒瘾的治疗会很简单。辛辛那提目前需要的是：将毒瘾治疗纳入一般的医疗服务当中。就像我们去医生那里寻求慢性医疗服务一样，我们也可以因为药物使用的紊乱问题、酒精使用障碍问题等上瘾的问题而去看医生。而医生也应该知道如何治疗这些情况。我们的愿景是：让整个社群都明白毒瘾是一种慢性医疗问题，也同样需要医疗响应。明白了这一点，我们就能确保防范工作获得资金保障，也能让我们确保处于康复过程中的人群能获得跟其他人一样的机会，能和家人团聚，能追逐自己的梦想。因为这样的愿景是我们的目标，我们不只是想要记录毒品使用过量而致死的人数而已。我们的目标是记录有物质使用障碍的人数，让他们成为为社会做贡献的有用之人。我是纳夫蒂，今天我分享的主题是重新思考毒瘾治疗的问题。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：更多节目，可浏览PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief。

1 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

2 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

3 par   

n.标准，票面价值，平均数量；adj.票面的，平常的，标准的

参考例句：

• Sales of nylon have been below par in recent years.近年来尼龙织品的销售额一直不及以往。
• I don't think his ability is on a par with yours.我认为他的能力不能与你的能力相媲美。

4 frustrating   

adj.产生挫折的，使人沮丧的，令人泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的现在分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's frustrating to have to wait so long. 要等这么长时间，真令人懊恼。
• It was a demeaning and ultimately frustrating experience. 那是一次有失颜面并且令人沮丧至极的经历。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

6 narrative   

n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的

参考例句：

• He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
• Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。

7 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

8 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

9 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。