PBS高端访谈:美国将重新开放学校

JUDY WOODRUFF: Now the latest on the summer surge of the coronavirus pandemic. The number of dead topped 550,000 worldwide today, including 133,000 here in the United States. And the number of new infections shows no signs of abating¹. White House correspondent Yamiche Alcindor reports.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Day by day, the new surge in COVID-19 cases is growing. Much of the country is now steadily² reporting increased infections. And, today, there were new single-day highs in Alabama and Montana and other parts of the country. Only two states, Vermont and New Hampshire are seeing infections decline, according to The New York Times. Governors are scrambling³ to try to flatten⁴ the new curve, after their states reopened.

GOV. RON DESANTIS (R-FL): If you're in those vulnerable age groups, or you have the comorbidities, be very careful about types of close contact you have, avoid crowds at all costs, because those are going to be situations where you're going to be most at risk.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Today, the nation's top infectious diseases doctor advised states to pause lifting restrictions⁵. Dr. Anthony Fauci spoke⁶ on an online forum⁷ in Washington.

DR. ANTHONY FAUCI, NIAID Director: So, rather than think in terms of reverting⁸ back to a complete shutdown, I would think we need to get the states pausing in their opening process, looking at what did not work well, and try to mitigate⁹ that.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Meanwhile, the head of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention insisted his agency is not revising its guidelines for schools to reopen.

DR. ROBERT REDFIELD, CDC Director: It's not a revision of the guidelines. It's just to provide additional information to help the schools be able to use the guidance that we put forward.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Robert Redfield spoke a day after President Trump¹⁰ called the CDC standards impractical¹¹. Yesterday, Vice¹² President Pence said new guidelines would be coming out next week as a result of the president's criticism. At the Capitol, debate also heated up over reopening schools. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi warned against putting children at risk.

REP. NANCY PELOSI (D-CA): This administration seems to be turning its back on science and instead saying, open up, take a risk. Oh, by the way, open up the schools. Overwhelmingly, the teachers want to open up the schools, but it has to be safe for the children.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: But House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy argued that remote learning will hurt a generation of students. And he urged incentives¹³ for schools to resume.

REP. KEVIN MCCARTHY (R-CA): You can protect them from liability, so schools will actually have a willingness and a desire to open, and not a fear that they're going to be sued.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: The pandemic's economic damage keeps mounting as well. The Labor¹⁴ Department said today more than 1.3 million Americans filed for unemployment benefits last week. The world's other hot spots are also struggling to make headway. Today, India reported 25,000 new cases in 24 hours. In hard-hit Mumbai, doctors went door to door to test residents for the virus. And the government of Serbia dropped plans for a weekend lockdown, after two nights of violent protests over the restrictions. Officials also banned gatherings¹⁵ of more than 10 people in Belgrade. For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Yamiche Alcindor.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：现在是夏季冠状病毒大流行的最新情况。今天全世界死亡人数超过55万，其中美国有13.3万。新感染的数量没有减少的迹象。白宫记者亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔报道。

亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔：一天一天，新的COVID-19病例激增正在增加。美国大部分地区目前报告称感染人数在稳步上升。今天，阿拉巴马州、蒙大拿州和美国其他地区出现了新的单日新高。据《纽约时报》报道，只有佛蒙特州和新罕布什尔州这两个州的感染率在下降。各州重新开放后，州长们正争先恐后地试图拉平新的曲线。

州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯（佛州）：如果你属于那些易受伤害的年龄组，或者你有合并症，对你的亲密接触人群要非常小心，不惜一切代价避免拥挤，因为在那些情况下，你将面临最大的风险。

亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔：今天，美国顶级传染病医生建议各州暂停取消限制。安东尼·福奇博士在华盛顿的一个在线论坛上发表了讲话。

国立过敏与传染病研究所所长福奇：所以，与其考虑恢复完全关闭，我认为我们需要让各州暂停他们的开放进程，看看哪些地方没有做好，并设法减轻这种情况。

亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔：与此同时，疾病控制和预防中心的负责人坚持说，他的机构没有修改学校重新开学的计划。

罗伯特·雷德菲尔德博士，疾控中心主任：这不是对指南的修订。这只是为了提供更多的信息，帮助学校能够使用我们提出的指导。

亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔：特朗普称疾控中心标准不切实际，一天后罗伯特·雷德菲尔德发表讲话。昨天，美国副总统彭斯表示，由于总统的批评，新的指导方针将于下周出台。在国会，关于重开学校的辩论也激烈起来。众议院议长南希·佩洛西警告不要让儿童处于危险之中。

众议员南希·佩洛西（华盛顿特区）：本届政府似乎是在背弃科学，而是说，开放点，冒险一点。哦，顺便说一句，打开学校。绝大多数教师都想开放学校，但必须保证孩子们的安全。

亚米奇·阿尔辛多：但是众议院少数党领袖凯文·麦卡锡认为远程学习会伤害一代学生。他还敦促鼓励学校恢复教育。

众议员凯文·麦卡锡（加州）：你可以保护他们免受责任，所以学校实际上会有开放的意愿和愿望，而不是担心他们会被起诉。

亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔：大流行的经济损失也在不断增加。美国劳工部今天说，上周超过130万美国人申请失业救济。世界其他热点地区也在努力取得进展。今天，印度在24小时内报告了2.5万新病例。在受灾严重的孟买，医生挨家挨户地对居民进行病毒检测。塞尔维亚政府也放弃了周末禁闭的计划，之前发生了两晚的暴力抗议。官方还在贝尔格莱德禁止10人以上集会。我是亚米奇·阿尔辛多尔，PBS新闻一小时。

1 abating   

减少( abate的现在分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼）

参考例句：

• The storm showed no signs of abating. 暴风雨没有减弱的迹象。
• The recent public anxiety about this issue may now be abating. 近来公众对这个问题的焦虑心情现在也许正在缓和下来。

2 steadily   

adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地

参考例句：

• The scope of man's use of natural resources will steadily grow.人类利用自然资源的广度将日益扩大。
• Our educational reform was steadily led onto the correct path.我们的教学改革慢慢上轨道了。

3 scrambling   

v.快速爬行( scramble的现在分词 )；攀登；争夺；（军事飞机）紧急起飞

参考例句：

• Scrambling up her hair, she darted out of the house. 她匆忙扎起头发，冲出房去。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• She is scrambling eggs. 她正在炒蛋。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 flatten   

v.把．．．弄平，使倒伏；使(漆等)失去光泽

参考例句：

• We can flatten out a piece of metal by hammering it.我们可以用锤子把一块金属敲平。
• The wrinkled silk will flatten out if you iron it.发皱的丝绸可以用熨斗烫平。

5 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

6 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

7 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

8 reverting   

恢复( revert的现在分词 )； 重提； 回到…上； 归还

参考例句：

• The boss came back from holiday all relaxed and smiling, but now he's reverting to type. 老板刚度假回来时十分随和，满面笑容，现在又恢复原样了。
• The conversation kept reverting to the subject of money. 谈话的内容总是离不开钱的事。

9 mitigate   

vt.（使）减轻，（使）缓和

参考例句：

• The government is trying to mitigate the effects of inflation.政府正试图缓和通货膨胀的影响。
• Governments should endeavour to mitigate distress.政府应努力缓解贫困问题。

10 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

11 impractical   

adj.不现实的，不实用的，不切实际的

参考例句：

• He was hopelessly impractical when it came to planning new projects.一到规划新项目，他就完全没有了实际操作的能力。
• An entirely rigid system is impractical.一套完全死板的体制是不实际的。

12 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

13 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

14 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

15 gatherings   

聚集( gathering的名词复数 )； 收集； 采集； 搜集

参考例句：

• His conduct at social gatherings created a lot of comment. 他在社交聚会上的表现引起许多闲话。
• During one of these gatherings a pupil caught stealing. 有一次，其中一名弟子偷窃被抓住。