PBS高端访谈:通过技术手段让聋哑人发声

AMNA NAWAZ: Last week's Brief But Spectacular featured Melissa Malzkuhn, who was born deaf into a deaf family. She spoke¹ about how access to sign language offers access to humanity. Tonight, we have a separate take on language and deafness from Caroline Clark. Born into a hearing family, Clark was diagnosed as deaf at the age of 2. She reflects on her relationship with words and how she turned to technology to help her speak. Clark now works with the Baker² Institute, a nonprofit that provides speech therapy for deaf children.

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：上周《简短而精彩》的主人公是梅利莎，她天生失聪，他的家人也都是失聪人事。她在节目中分享了手语的学习是如何让她接触他人的。今晚，我们的主人公卡洛琳·克拉克将从另一个角度来讲述与语言和失聪有关的故事。出生在失聪家庭的克拉克2岁被确诊为失聪。她回顾了自己与文字打交道的经历以及她是如何通过科技手段来帮助自己发声的。克拉克现在在贝克研究所工作，这是一家非盈利机构，专门为失聪儿童提供语言障碍矫正的服务。

CAROLINE CLARK, Student: I was diagnosed with deafness at 2. And I will never forget the word, the first word that I learned. And it was the word up. So, my mom told me this story. She said that she was in my grandmother's house, and she would hold me in her arms, and she would carry me up and down the stairs. And she would say to me, Caroline, up, up, we go. And she even sometimes would apparently³ take my hand and place it on her throat, and I would feel the vibrations⁴ of what she was saying. And, finally, when I was two-and-a-half, I said the word back to her, up. And when my mom heard that, she cried tears of happiness, because I think that moment she knew that I learned to speak. Learning to speak when you can't hear is an interesting process. You pay close attention to how the, forming the lips. Most of all, it's just repeatedly trying the word over and over again. There's a magnet that is inside of my inside of my head and then there's a magnet outside of my head. So, sound comes through the magnet. When it first gets turned on, you don't understand anything you're hearing. It sounds like beeps, and then slowly sounds like Donald Duck. And then, one day, you ask someone, did you say the word door? And they said, yes, I said that word. And so, over time, you begin to understand this new language. I didn't learn sign language. My mom made a conscious decision to teach me how to speak. As I got older, she said, OK, you can learn sign language. And I honestly, I had other things I wanted to learn over sign language. One time, I was in the grocery store, and I was just browsing⁵ among things, buying some groceries. And this guy comes up to me and started signing to me. And I couldn't sign back. It was just very awkward for me. I'm clearly a deaf person, but I can't even communicate to this other deaf person. And, in that moment, I felt this huge divide between our walls, between my world and his world. And, yes, I felt a little bit embarrassed. I'm fully⁶ proud of being deaf, but it's not, being deaf is not a big piece of my identity. Frankly⁷, I identify more as a woman and being gay over being deaf. So, dating while you're deaf is an interesting experience. First off, people always ask you where you're from in the beginning conversation. And you have to say you actually have a deaf accent, and things get awkward pretty quickly. I think common misconceptions of deaf people is that we experience the world in a fundamentally different way, we can't see the same things, or we can't hear the same things, we don't experience the same thing. And that's not true. We want the same things. We crave⁸ the same things. We want to feel loved. We want to feel included. When I was younger, I was so annoyed. I would be leaving school, and all my friends, they are going off to play dates, and I was going to a speech therapist. I think that fundamental experience of really learning how to fail over and over and over has really molded me into the person I am today, being told constantly, you're not pronouncing that right, try again, do it over. And so I really have embraced this growth mind-set. And I have a firm belief that I could do anything I want, as long as I try hard enough. I'm Caroline Clark, and this is my Brief But Spectacular take on being deaf.

卡洛琳·克拉克，学生：我2岁确诊为失聪。我永远不会忘记一个单词，这是我学会的第一个单词。这个单词就是“向上”。当时，妈妈给我讲了这样一个故事。妈妈说，她在姥姥家的时候，会用胳膊抱着我，带着我上下楼。上楼的时候，她会跟我说：卡洛琳，往上走，我们往上走。有时候，妈妈甚至会牵着我的手，放在她的喉咙上，这样我就能感受到她说话时喉咙的震动。后来，我2岁半的时候，也会对她说“向上”这个单词了。妈妈听到的时候，喜极而泣，因为我觉得那一刻，她以为我学会说话了。失聪人士学说话是很有意思的过程。你要密切关注唇形的变化。最重要的是：重复重复再重复。我的脑子里面有一块磁铁，脑子外面也有一块磁铁。声音会穿越磁铁发出。第一次发声的时候，你自己都不会知道自己听到的是什么。那声音仿佛哔哔的声音，速度又慢，俨如唐老鸭。然后，有一天，你会问某个人：您会说“门”这个单词吗？他们会回答：会啊，我会说。时间长了，你就会开始理解这门新语言。我没有学习手语。母亲很明智，让我学习了如何说话。随着我年龄的增长，母亲说：好，你可以学习手语了。说实话，我当时有比手语更想学的东西。有一次，我在杂货店看东西，买点杂货。有个人走过来，开始对我唱歌。但我却不能以歌声相回应，我实在是很难以这种方式作回应。显然，我是个失聪人士，但我却连这一点都无法告诉另一位失聪人士。那一刻，我感到我们之间的隔着一堵墙，一个巨大的鸿沟就横亘在我们的世界之间。是的，我有点小尴尬。作为失聪人士，我感到自豪，但这并不是识别我的大标签。说实话，与失聪相比，大家更明显的一种感觉是：我是女性，且我是同性恋。所以，作为一个失聪人士去约会就很有意思。首先，人们总是在对话开始时问你，你从哪里来。你必须坦言自己其实是失聪人士，然后气氛突然就尴尬起来。我认为，大家对失聪人士有一个普遍的误解：我们感受世界的方式与别人有着本质的不同，我们看不到他们看得到的东西，我们听不到他们听得见的东西，我们无法感同身受。但这并不是真的，我们和其他人一样，有着同样的渴望。我们渴求同样一件事：被他人所爱。我们希望感受到包容性。我还小的时候，总是感觉很懊恼。放学后，我所有的朋友都去约会了，只有我是去见语言治疗师。我认为，一次次从失败中爬起的经历真正地将我塑造我今天的自己。在这个过程中，有人不断地告诉我：你发得对，再试一次，再来一次。我真地很喜欢这种成长式的思维方式。我也坚信，心之所向，无所不成，只要我足够努力。我是卡洛琳·克拉克，这是我本期有关失聪人士的《简短而精彩》。

AMNA NAWAZ: You can watch last week's episode with Melissa Malzkuhn and all our Brief But Spectacular episodes at PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief.

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：观众朋友们可以登录PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief来观看上周梅利莎那期在内的所有节目。

1 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

2 baker   

n.面包师

参考例句：

• The baker bakes his bread in the bakery.面包师在面包房内烤面包。
• The baker frosted the cake with a mixture of sugar and whites of eggs.面包师在蛋糕上撒了一层白糖和蛋清的混合料。

3 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

4 vibrations   

n.摆动( vibration的名词复数 )；震动；感受；（偏离平衡位置的）一次性往复振动

参考例句：

• We could feel the vibrations from the trucks passing outside. 我们可以感到外面卡车经过时的颤动。
• I am drawn to that girl; I get good vibrations from her. 我被那女孩吸引住了，她使我产生良好的感觉。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 browsing   

v.吃草( browse的现在分词 )；随意翻阅；（在商店里）随便看看；（在计算机上）浏览信息

参考例句：

• He sits browsing over[through] a book. 他坐着翻阅书籍。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Cattle is browsing in the field. 牛正在田里吃草。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

7 frankly   

adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说

参考例句：

• To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说，我一点也不赞成这个主意。
• Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。

8 crave   

vt.渴望得到，迫切需要，恳求，请求

参考例句：

• Many young children crave attention.许多小孩子渴望得到关心。
• You may be craving for some fresh air.你可能很想呼吸呼吸新鲜空气。