PBS高端访谈:斯科特·加洛威的幸福哲学

JUDY WOODRUFF: The holidays are a time to come together for many, but, for many, also, the season can also heighten a sense of isolation¹ and depression. In tonight's Brief But Spectacular, New York University Business School Professor Scott Galloway, focuses on our state of well-being².

朱迪·伍德拉夫：对很多人来说，假期是团聚的时光，但对很多人来说，假期也是与世隔绝、压抑不已的时节。在今晚的《简短而精彩》中，纽约大学商学院教授斯科特·加洛威将聚焦每个人生活的状态。

SCOTT GALLOWAY, New York University: So, there's an art to happiness. Basically, from kind of zero to 25 it's the stuff of Star Wars, discovery, spilling into adulthood³, football games, magic. Then gets real from kind of 25 to 45. Work is hard, economic stress. You realize you're not going to be senator or have a fragrance⁴ named after you. And most devastating⁵, someone you love gets sick and dies. However, a wonderful thing happens in your 40s and 50s. You begin to take stock of your blessings⁶, you realize that life is finite, and start finding appreciation⁷ in relationships, in nature, in your achievements, and you get happier. The lesson here is keep on keeping on, happiness waits for you. So, we have two types of speakers at NYU, either people who are incredibly interesting and inspiring or billionaires. We have decided⁸ at business school that, if you're a billionaire, that means you know a lot about life. And they typically end their talks with one statement. And that is, follow your passion. And I have found that the majority of people who tell you to follow your passion are already rich. The problem with thinking you're supposed to pursue your passion is that, when work gets hard and it always does, you might fall into the trap of thinking, well, this is hard, which means it must not be my passion and I should find something else. Work is hard. Being great at anything is very difficult. If we were going to be honest about trying to increase our currency in the marketplace, we would focus the entire second year of graduate school on four companies, Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google.

斯科特·加洛威，纽约大学：其实快乐也是一门艺术。可以说，从刚出生到25之间，生活里都是《星球大战》这些内容，是不断发现的过程，是走向成年的过程，是充盈着足球比赛和魔法的过程。然后，在25-45岁之间，人会变得现实。工作很难，会给人经济压力。我们会意识到自己既不能成为参议员，也不会流芳百世。而最让人挫败的是，我们爱的人会生病，会离开人世。不过，四五十岁的时候会有一件很棒的事发生。我们会开始评估自己的祈祷，我们会意识到生命是有限的，我们会开始在不同的关系中、在自然中、在自己的成就中寻找感恩，然后我们会变得更开心。这里，我们要学到的是：人要往前看，快乐就会相伴。我们在纽约大学有2类讲话人，一类是很有趣、很有启发性的人，一类是亿万富翁。我们在商学院确定了一件事：如果一个人是亿万富翁，那就说明我们对生活了解得很多。他们的讲话总是这样结尾：追随自己的激情所在吧。我发现，大多数告诉你追随自己激情所在的人都是富人。觉得自己应该追逐激情所在，这个想法有个问题是如果一项工作对你来说很难完成，那么这种感觉是会一直存在的，你可能会陷入思维的陷阱，觉得：这件事对我很难，那就意味着这不是我的激情所在，那么我就应该干点别的事。工作很难，把任何一件事做好也很难。如果我们要增加自己的市场价值，那么我们大学生涯的第二年就会聚焦在4个公司上：亚马逊、苹果、脸书、谷歌。

Google knows more about you than any priest, rabbi, scholar, mentor⁹, or boss, your sexual fetishes, whether you're looking for a job, whether you're about to get engaged, whether you're about to get married. Facebook initially¹⁰ held out the promise of catalyzing¹¹ and strengthening relationships. Unfortunately, it's gone beyond that and tapped into our tribal¹² instinct, because enragement is engagement. And engagement leads to more Nissan ads and more shareholder¹³ value. So, unfortunately, the largest platforms in the world with the greatest reach are basically fueled on rage. When we see, if you will, the Instagram version of people's lives, it makes us feel worse about ourselves. It's especially dangerous among teens, who oftentimes, if they're not invited to a party, not only have the shame of not being invited, but have to see the party play out in real time. So there's a correlation¹⁴ between social media use in teens and things like self-harm and even teen suicide. I can modulate¹⁵ my lack of affirmation or criticism on social media. I'm not sure my 12-year-old son can do that as well. I wish I'd invested more in relationships when I was a younger person.

谷歌对你的了解多于任何一名牧师、犹太教士、导师、老板或者性偶像，无论是在找工作的过程中，还是即将要订婚或结婚。脸书一开始承诺说可以加速并巩固人与人之间的关系。不幸的是，现在已经逾矩了，还进入了部落本能的阶段，因为订婚就是订婚。跟订婚有关的尼桑广告更多了，也有了更多的股东价值。所以，不幸的是，世界上触角最广的一些大平台都是以怒火为食的。因为我们会发现，如果我们愿意的话，那么Ins版的生活会让我们的自我感觉更差。这对青少年来说尤为危险，因为通常情况下，如果青少年没有受邀参加聚会，那么他们不仅会感觉羞愧，还要实时了解聚会的动向。所以青少年对社交媒体的使用与自我伤害甚至自杀之间是有关联的。我可以在社交媒体上调节自己所缺失的肯定或者批评。我不确定我12岁的儿子是否也能这样做。我希望我年少时能在各种关系中投入更多。

Put 10 dollars away now, if you're 20. By the time you're 50, it's $1,000. The same is true of relationships. Phone calls, text messages, notes, reaching out to people when they're struggling, these small investments when you're young add up, and you wake up and you have a wonderful relationship. I was selfish, and I think I paid a big price for it when I woke up at the age of 42 and, quite frankly¹⁶, was an island and didn't have a lot of meaningful relationships in my life. One of the things that's helped me in my struggles with anger and depression is to have some perspective and to take stock of your blessings on a regular basis. You have to express your love. People are not telepathic. The happiest people are not only the ones who feel most loved, but know there are other people in their lives that know that they are loved by you. The one best practice across happiness is the depth and meaning of your relationships. At work, do you feel respected and admired, and do you admire and respect other people? And, most importantly, at home, do you feel an intense level of love and support? And, again, just as importantly, do you know they know that they are loved intensely and supported by you? My name is Scott Galloway, and this is my Brief But Spectacular take on the algebra¹⁷ of happiness.

如果你现在20的话，那么你需要的成本大概是10美元左右；但如果你已经50岁了，那这个成本就在1000美元了。这一点在不同的关系中也是真实存在的。无论是打电话、发信息、写便条、接触那些在苦苦挣扎的人，这些都是我们在年轻时能投入的财富。随着时间的流逝，我们与他人会有很棒的关系。我曾经很自私，所有现在42岁的我要为此付出很大的代夹。说实话，我曾是一座孤岛，曾几何时，我的人生中没有什么有意义的关系存在。有一样东西帮助我度过愤怒与压抑，那就是定期整理自己起到的事情。你要表达出你的爱，因为别人不是你肚子里的蛔虫。最快乐的人不只是感觉自己被爱的人，还是知道自己被谁所爱的人。让自己快乐的最好办法就是深入地经营自己的关系，让各种关系变得有意义。在工作中，你受到同事尊敬崇拜，那么你是否尊敬崇拜他人呢？在家里，你是否感受到了爱和支持呢？同样重要的是，他们是否知道自己被你所爱、所支持呢？我是斯科特·加洛威，这是我本期分享的快乐哲学。

1 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

2 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

3 adulthood   

n.成年，成人期

参考例句：

• Some infantile actions survive into adulthood.某些婴儿期的行为一直保持到成年期。
• Few people nowadays are able to maintain friendships into adulthood.如今很少有人能将友谊维持到成年。

4 fragrance   

n.芬芳，香味，香气

参考例句：

• The apple blossoms filled the air with their fragrance.苹果花使空气充满香味。
• The fragrance of lavender filled the room.房间里充满了薰衣草的香味。

5 devastating   

adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的

参考例句：

• It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
• Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。

6 blessings   

n.（上帝的）祝福( blessing的名词复数 )；好事；福分；因祸得福

参考例句：

• Afflictions are sometimes blessings in disguise. 塞翁失马，焉知非福。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• We don't rely on blessings from Heaven. 我们不靠老天保佑。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 appreciation   

n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨

参考例句：

• I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。
• I'll be sending them a donation in appreciation of their help.我将送给他们一笔捐款以感谢他们的帮助。

8 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

9 mentor   

n.指导者，良师益友；v.指导

参考例句：

• He fed on the great ideas of his mentor.他以他导师的伟大思想为支撑。
• He had mentored scores of younger doctors.他指导过许多更年轻的医生。

10 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

11 catalyzing   

v.催化，促进( catalyze的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Enzymes catalyzing this reaction have been detected in plant extracts. 并在植物提取液中已经测出催化这个反应的酶系统。 来自辞典例句
• Transitional metals (Fe3+) play an extremely important role in catalyzing CLA oxidation. 变价金属离子(Fe~(3+))能够促进共轭亚油酸氧化。 来自互联网

12 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

13 shareholder   

n.股东，股票持有人

参考例句：

• The account department have prepare a financial statement for the shareholder.财务部为股东准备了一份财务报表。
• A shareholder may transfer his shares in accordance with the law.股东持有的股份可以依法转让。

14 correlation   

n.相互关系，相关，关连

参考例句：

• The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
• A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。

15 modulate   

v.调整，调节(音的强弱)；变调

参考例句：

• Please modulate the sound on the TV.请调节一下电视的音量。
• This system could modulate the voice signal effectively.这个系统可以对语音信号进行有效的调制。

16 frankly   

adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说

参考例句：

• To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说，我一点也不赞成这个主意。
• Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。

17 algebra   

n.代数学

参考例句：

• He was not good at algebra in middle school.他中学时不擅长代数。
• The boy can't figure out the algebra problems.这个男孩做不出这道代数题。