PBS高端访谈:最具影响力的摄影家罗伯特·弗兰克

JUDY WOODRUFF: Now: celebrating a unique lens to see life. Amna Nawaz remembers one of the most influential¹ photographers of the 20th century, part of our Canvas series.

AMNA NAWAZ: He was best known for vividly² capturing America's quirks³ and spotlighting⁴ the country's social divisions in everyday life. Robert Frank was born in Switzerland to a wealthy European Jewish family, but he was decidedly an American, one who managed to maintain an outsider's point of view, he himself noted⁵ in the 2015 documentary about his career, Don't Blink.

ROBERT FRANK, Photographer: I tried not to talk to them, and I didn't want them to talk to me.

AMNA NAWAZ: Frank emigrated to New York in 1947, and started work at Harper's Bazaar⁶, but he soon became aware of many of the stark⁷ contrasts in American society. That perspective was a driving force behind his most celebrated⁸ work, 1957's The Americans. Starting in 1955, Frank crisscrossed the country, snapping 28,000 photos in just two years, ultimately culling⁹ them down to a collection of just 83. His work was in sharp contrast to more traditional, optimistic photos of the time. Frank reflected on that work in Don't Blink.

ROBERT FRANK: When I look at the 83 photographs I chose for the book, I think I really got the essence.

AMNA NAWAZ: Like this shot of motorcyclists in Indianapolis, a trolley¹⁰ car in New Orleans, and a political rally in Chicago. Sarah Greenough is the director of photography at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. She knew Frank, and says The Americans revealed a country that was plagued by racism¹¹ and consumerism.

SARAH GREENOUGH, Director of Photography, the National Gallery of Art: He looked beneath the surface, seeing these ills in American society, but he also photographed novel areas of beauty within the country, subjects that other photographers hadn't previously¹² looked at, such as cars, diners, and even the road itself.

AMNA NAWAZ: Greenough says the book also made Frank's unique artistic¹³ style influential:

SARAH GREENOUGH: Many of them have a sort of fast, seemingly intuitive look, as if he just turned around and captured the image. They're often off-kilter, which gives a great sense of dynamism to them. The book The Americans was initially¹⁴ reviled¹⁵ by the critics, but it very quickly became embraced by a younger generation of photographers and then others.

AMNA NAWAZ: Frank's work featured other cultural icons¹⁶ of the day. He befriended beat writer Jack¹⁷ Kerouac shortly after compiling The Americans. And Kerouac later wrote the book's forward. And Frank's black-and-white photos were featured on the cover of the Rolling Stones' critically acclaimed¹⁸ 1972 album Exile on Main St. Later in his career, Frank continued to shoot photos and film, largely focusing his lens on America's least privileged, rather than the powerful. Robert Frank died Monday in Nova Scotia. He was 94 years old.

JUDY WOODRUFF: And there's more online, where we take a closer look at one of Frank's most enduring images from his book The Americans. That's on our Web site, PBS.org/NewsHour. And that is the NewsHour for tonight. I'm Judy Woodruff. For all of us at the PBS NewsHour, thank you, and we'll see you soon.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：本期节目将了解一位用独特镜头视角看生活的人。阿姆纳·纳瓦兹将带我们缅怀20世纪最有影响力的摄影师之一。本期节目是帆布系列报道的部分内容。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：这位摄影师最出名的是生动捕捉美国特点并突出美国日常生活中的社会分工。这位摄影师就是罗伯特·弗兰克，他出生于瑞士一个富裕的欧洲犹太家庭。但他显然带有深刻的美国烙印，他始终能以一个旁观者的视角来展现美国。他本人因2015年一部讲述他职业生涯的摄影机而闻名，这部纪录片名为《弗兰克别眨眼》。

罗伯特·弗兰克，摄影师：我试着不跟他们交谈，我也不希望他们跟我交谈。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：弗兰克1947年移民到纽约，开始在时尚芭莎工作。但不久后他就意识到美国社会的许多强烈反差。这样的角度促使他做出了许多知名的作品，比如1957年的《美国人》。从1955年开始，弗兰克穿梭美国各地，用短短年的时间拍摄了2.8万张照片，最后竞选出一个只有83张照片的合集。他的作品与当时更为传统积极的照片风格形成鲜明对比。弗兰克在《弗兰克别眨眼》中回顾了这部作品。

罗伯特·弗兰克：每次我回顾这部书里挑选出的83张照片时，我都觉得我真地选出了精华。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：比如在印第安纳波利斯拍的这张骑摩托的人、在新奥尔良拍的有轨电车以及在芝加哥拍的政治集会。萨拉·格里诺是华盛顿特区国家艺术馆的摄影指导。她认识弗兰克，她说《美国人》揭示了一个有种族主义色彩和用户至上主义的国家。

萨拉·格里诺，摄影指导，国家艺术馆：他不只能看到表面的东西，也能看到美国社会的诸多弊病。与此同时，他也拍摄了美国许多令人惊奇的美，拍到的许多主题是其他摄影师之前未曾涉足的，比如汽车、晚餐甚至是道路本身。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：格里诺说，这本集册也让弗兰克独特的艺术风格变得更有影响力了：

萨拉·格里诺：其中很多人都在他要拍照的时候很快有了可拍摄的造型，仿佛有知觉一般，就这样，他捕捉到了画面。他们的状态都很好，有一种很棒的动态平衡感。《美国人》这本集册一开始备受抨击，但迅速受到年轻一代摄影家等人的喜爱。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：弗兰克的作品在同时代中也是标杆一样的存在。他在做完《美国人》之后，跟随队记者杰克·凯鲁亚克成为了朋友。随后，杰克·凯鲁亚克写了这本书的前言。弗兰克的黑白照片登上了滚石的封面，也成了1972年《颓废大街》的封面。在后期的职业生涯中，弗兰克依然在拍摄照片和电影，将镜头聚焦在美国最弱势的群体上，而非最有权势的群体上。罗伯特·弗兰克于周一在新斯科舍去世，享年94岁。

朱迪·伍德拉夫：我们线上还有更多内容——会更细致地回顾弗兰克在《美国人》中影响最为深远的照片。可戳官网PBS.org/NewsHour。以上就是今晚的《新闻一小时》，朱迪·伍德拉夫为您播报。谢谢各位听众，我们下期见。

1 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

2 vividly   

adv.清楚地，鲜明地，生动地

参考例句：

• The speaker pictured the suffering of the poor vividly.演讲者很生动地描述了穷人的生活。
• The characters in the book are vividly presented.这本书里的人物写得栩栩如生。

3 quirks   

n.奇事，巧合( quirk的名词复数 )；怪癖

参考例句：

• One of his quirks is that he refuses to travel by train. 他的怪癖之一是不愿乘火车旅行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All men have their own quirks and twists. 人人都有他们自己的怪癖和奇想。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

4 spotlighting   

v.聚光照明( spotlight的现在分词 )；使公众注意，使突出醒目

参考例句：

5 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

6 bazaar   

n.集市，商店集中区

参考例句：

• Chickens,goats and rabbits were offered for barter at the bazaar.在集市上，鸡、山羊和兔子被摆出来作物物交换之用。
• We bargained for a beautiful rug in the bazaar.我们在集市通过讨价还价买到了一条很漂亮的地毯。

7 stark   

adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地

参考例句：

• The young man is faced with a stark choice.这位年轻人面临严峻的抉择。
• He gave a stark denial to the rumor.他对谣言加以完全的否认。

8 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

9 culling   

n.选择，大批物品中剔出劣质货v.挑选，剔除( cull的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The mathematicians turned to culling periodic solutions. 数学家们转而去挑选周期解。 来自辞典例句
• It took us a week to find you, a week of culling out prejudice and hatred. 我们花了一个星期的时间找到你们，把偏见和憎恨剔除出去。 来自演讲部分

10 trolley   

n.手推车，台车；无轨电车；有轨电车

参考例句：

• The waiter had brought the sweet trolley.侍者已经推来了甜食推车。
• In a library,books are moved on a trolley.在图书馆，书籍是放在台车上搬动的。

11 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

12 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

13 artistic   

adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的

参考例句：

• The picture on this screen is a good artistic work.这屏风上的画是件很好的艺术品。
• These artistic handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends.外国朋友很喜欢这些美术工艺品。

14 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

15 reviled   

v.辱骂，痛斥( revile的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The tramp reviled the man who drove him off. 流浪汉辱骂那位赶他走开的人。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The old man reviled against corruption. 那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 icons   

n.偶像( icon的名词复数 )；（计算机屏幕上表示命令、程序的）符号，图像

参考例句：

• Distinguish important text items in lists with graphic icons. 用图标来区分重要的文本项。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• Daemonic icons should only be employed persistently if they provide continuous, useful status information. 只有会连续地提供有用状态信息的情况下，后台应用程序才应该一直使用图标。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

17 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

18 acclaimed   

adj.受人欢迎的

参考例句：

• They acclaimed him as the best writer of the year. 他们称赞他为当年的最佳作者。
• Confuscius is acclaimed as a great thinker. 孔子被赞誉为伟大的思想家。