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We tend to think of cavemen as pretty serious carnivores, hunting game and then roasting the yummy bits over a roaring campfire. But scientists just reported discovering traces of starch¹ on some ancient stone tools. Which suggests that there were probably more than a few bakers² in the bunch way back when. The findings appear in the Proceedings³ of the National Academy of Sciences.

Researchers collected stone tools from three archaeological sites in Italy, Russia and the Czech Republic. Our Paleolithic ancestors called these digs home some 30,000 years ago. The markings on the recovered tools suggest that they were used like grindstones and pestles⁴ for processing grains. And they still contained traces of flour.

The flour grains came mostly from cattails and ferns, plants whose roots are rich in starch, kind of like a potato. Processing these plants probably involved peeling, drying and grinding their roots. The resulting flour could then be whisked into a dough⁵ and cooked.

The finding pushes back the first known use of flour by some 10,000 years. Which means that 300 centuries ago, Fred and Wilma might have had a kind of prehistoric⁶ pita bread on the menu.

Thanks for the minute. For Scientific American's 60-second Science, I’m Karen Hopkin.