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The Journal of the American Medical Association doesn’t usually report autopsy¹ results. But they make an exception this week: for King Tut. The study of the boy king involved DNA² analysis and CAT scans.

Researchers used genetic³ fingerprints⁴ from Tut and 10 presumed relatives to map out his most accurate five-generation family tree to date. It reveals a family history of clubfoot and scoliosis. And CAT scans of Tut turned up foot deformities, like a missing toe bone, and bone necrosis, which means some of his foot bones were dying due to poor blood circulation. Previous scans had identified a femur fracture.

The tests also found DNA from Plasmodium falciparum, meaning that the teenager and his great-grandparents had malaria⁵ infections. It's the oldest genetic proof for malaria in well-dated mummies. DNA also shows that Tut was probably spared bubonic plague, tuberculosis⁶, leprosy or leishmaniasis.

So here's the scenario⁷ the researchers propose: an already frail⁸ pharaoh, hobbling around on his cane⁹, breaks his leg, maybe in a fall. Throw in that malaria infection, and around 1324 B.C., just nine years after taking the throne, King Tut was history.