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[科学美国人60秒] SSS 2015-10-26

时间:2015-10-28 07:53来源:互联网 提供网友:yajing   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

  Each fall thousands of Coho salmon1 flocked to northwest rivers to spawn2, but many never get the chance, especially near big cities like Seatle.

  And in some of these urban areas, up to ninety percent of the female were dying before they spawned3, which is not a good thing for a population .Jew Anne Sprangburg, a toxicologist affiliated4 with the Northeast Fishery Science Centre.
  Researchers suspected that these deaths are partly a matter of bad timing5. The fish often reaches the streams during the first showers of the rainy season, which flush chemicals from roads and parking lot into the water. Now Sprangburg and her colleagues have produced the first direct evidence that this runoff kills the salmon. Their study is in the journal of Pride Ecology. The researchers found that fish exposed to stormwater from Seatle highways quickly grew sick and died. Surprisingly though, the salmon didn't seem to  mind taking a dip in the cocktail6 of common road pollutants,inlcuding hydrocarbons7 and metals. That detail suggests that the current  ingredient in the runoff may be a different kind of chemical or lethal8 combination of several compounds.
  There is a lot of whole different matter that we haven't been able to measure or don't have the capability9 to measure at the moment.
  However, Scrangburg says there is a way to help the fish even before scientists hunt down the culprits. Her team also found that filtering runoff to just a few feet of soil makes stormwate safe for salmon. Cities can implement10 the simple form of clean water technology by building more systems, including roadside gardens to collect runoff from paved areas and pass it to soil before it enters urban waterways,literally a quick and dirty solution.

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1 salmon pClzB     
n.鲑,大马哈鱼,橙红色的
参考例句:
  • We saw a salmon jumping in the waterfall there.我们看见一条大马哈鱼在那边瀑布中跳跃。
  • Do you have any fresh salmon in at the moment?现在有新鲜大马哈鱼卖吗?
2 spawn qFUzL     
n.卵,产物,后代,结果;vt.产卵,种菌丝于,产生,造成;vi.产卵,大量生产
参考例句:
  • The fish were madly pushing their way upstream to spawn.鱼群为产卵而疯狂地向上游挤进。
  • These fish will lay spawn in about one month from now.这些鱼大约一个月内会产卵。
3 spawned f3659a6561090f869f5f32f7da4b950e     
(鱼、蛙等)大量产(卵)( spawn的过去式和过去分词 ); 大量生产
参考例句:
  • The band's album spawned a string of hit singles. 这支乐队的专辑繁衍出一连串走红的单曲唱片。
  • The computer industry has spawned a lot of new companies. 由于电脑工业的发展,许多新公司纷纷成立。
4 affiliated 78057fb733c9c93ffbdc5f0ed15ef458     
adj. 附属的, 有关连的
参考例句:
  • The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
  • All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。
5 timing rgUzGC     
n.时间安排,时间选择
参考例句:
  • The timing of the meeting is not convenient.会议的时间安排不合适。
  • The timing of our statement is very opportune.我们发表声明选择的时机很恰当。
6 cocktail Jw8zNt     
n.鸡尾酒;餐前开胃小吃;混合物
参考例句:
  • We invited some foreign friends for a cocktail party.我们邀请了一些外国朋友参加鸡尾酒会。
  • At a cocktail party in Hollywood,I was introduced to Charlie Chaplin.在好莱坞的一次鸡尾酒会上,人家把我介绍给查理·卓别林。
7 hydrocarbons e809b45a335ac8bfbaa26f5ce65d98e9     
n.碳氢化合物,烃( hydrocarbon的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Hydrocarbons (HC), like carbon monoxide, represent unburned and wasted fuel. 碳氢化合物(HC)像一氧化碳一样,为未燃尽的和被浪费掉的燃料。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • With this restricted frequency range it is not applicable to hydrocarbons. 这个较紧缩的频率范围不适用于烃类。 来自辞典例句
8 lethal D3LyB     
adj.致死的;毁灭性的
参考例句:
  • A hammer can be a lethal weapon.铁锤可以是致命的武器。
  • She took a lethal amount of poison and died.她服了致命剂量的毒药死了。
9 capability JsGzZ     
n.能力;才能;(pl)可发展的能力或特性等
参考例句:
  • She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
  • Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。
10 implement WcdzG     
n.(pl.)工具,器具;vt.实行,实施,执行
参考例句:
  • Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划,除非你能完成这项计划。
  • The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。
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