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科学美国人60秒 SSS Ultima Thule and the Apes of Earth

时间:2019-05-07 06:57来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

Steve Mirsky: Welcome to Scientific American’s Science Talk, posted on January 3, 2019. Happy New Year! I’m Steve Mirsky.

Ultima Thule. It’s the little snowman–shaped Kuiper Belt object that the New Horizons mission flew by on January 1st. We’ll be receiving info about Ultima Thule from the spacecraft for the next 20 months or so. And there’s plenty of coverage1 about the mission and the object on our site and all over the web.

So for this short edition of Science Talk I want to focus on the deep-time aspect of Ultima Thule…and us. On New Year’s Eve, the Johns Hopkins University Applied2 Physics Laboratory hosted a few short talks about the latest stop for the New Horizons mission. The speakers were all space people. With the exception of Kenneth Lacovara. Who’s a paleontologist, based at Rowan University in New Jersey4. Lacovara has found the remains5 of the largest-known dinosaurs7. Including Dreadnoughtus, which weighed in at about 65 tons. Its femur is as tall as an NBA shooting guard.

Lacovara gave a brief talk for the Web cast New Year’s Eve that puts the study of Ultima Thule in a somewhat different context than we may usually think about space missions. I happened to be watching live and I grabbed the audio to share with you. Enjoy!

[applause]

Kenneth Lacovara:    Thank you. Thank you, Alan Stern and the New Horizons team for having me. This will be a night to remember.

                           You know, the past is out there. It's beneath our feet and in the heavens above. And we can learn from it. We should learn from it. "The further back you look, the further ahead you will see," Winston Churchill said. Indeed, we would all like to have access to the future but that's impossible. It's only the past that gives us predictive insight into what the future may hold. It's the past that is our guide. Who are we? Where did we come from? What is our place in space and time? These are the fundamental questions of the human condition that transcend8 culture and generations.

                           We can gain insight into these monumental, existential questions by traveling through time, into the Earth's crust, excavating9 the rocks and the bones of the many past worlds that have been our Earth. Or, we can travel to the further shores of our solar system and meet the past, as it lies preserved in the darkest, iciest outposts of our star's domain10.

                           The New Horizons space probe rendezvous11 with Ultima Thule culminates12 tonight, in a poignant13 moment in the evolution of exploration as it encounters this ancient, mysterious voyager. New Horizons will transform from a journey into space into the journey into the depths of deep time. Like a fossil in the sky, Ultima Thule survives as a remnant of the earliest moments of our solar system. Frozen and pristine14, it bears everlasting15 witness to both the cataclysms16 and the slow motion workings of worlds that have shaped the retinue17 of planets beneath.

                           Ultima Thule once shared the solar system with an Earth devoid18 of any living thing, a planet boiled and sterilized19 by incessant20 cosmic bombardment. When the worst of it ended life grabbed hold and never let go. For three billion years Ultima Thule circled the sun while nothing more complex than clumps21 of microbes agitated22 in our planet's primordial23 ocean. It was out there, floating in space when cells on Earth began to cooperate, building bodies, and grouping themselves into tissues. It arced through Cambrian skies when the major branches of the tree of life emerged from our common stock.

And when the lobe-finned fish climbed out from the seas it was there, tracing endless ellipses24 in the void. There, moving, always moving silently above when the dinosaurs were new and could terrorize nothing bigger than a bug25. There, in the sky, over every muddy Spinosaurus, every quarrelsome Velociraptor, every bloodthirsty T. rex. And there, unbeknownst to every insatiable Dreadnoughtus, [laughter], when the reign26 of the dinosaurs came crashing down in a cosmic accident, it was there to witness the rise of the mammals, and the ascent27 of the apes, through which our solar system became aware of itself.

                           And now, after a long prelude28, we "twins of the same womb" – to borrow a phrase from the poet, Marge Piercy, the apes of Earth and Ultima Thule, are set to meet in a most improbably rendezvous [laughter]. Tonight, like a paleontologist revealing a dinosaur6 bone and linking its existence to our own, New Horizons will drill into our ancient past as it flies by this tiny, frozen world and will glimpse a fossilized moment in time, a moment that led to the coalescence29 of our planets, to the transformation30 of geology into biology, and the evolution of spectacular and improbably creatures such as dinosaurs, and ourselves.

From this lonely vantage point near the ends of our solar systems, New Horizons will offer the world the humbling31 perspective that only deep time and deep space can provide as it digs like a pick axe32 in the sky into our wondrous33 past. Thank you. Congratulations

[applause]

Mirsky: Thanks to the John Hopkins Applied Physics Lab and to Ken3 Lacovara for green-lighting my use of their audio. We’ll be back in a few days with a more traditional episode of Science Talk. Til then, check out www.scientificamerican.com for our continuing coverage of the New Horizons mission and for all your science news.

And follow us on Twitter, where you’ll get a tweet whenever a new item hits the Web site. Our twitter name is @sciam. For Scientific American’s Science Talk, I’m Steve Mirsky, thanks for clicking on us.  


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 coverage nvwz7v     
n.报导,保险范围,保险额,范围,覆盖
参考例句:
  • There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
  • This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。
2 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
3 ken k3WxV     
n.视野,知识领域
参考例句:
  • Such things are beyond my ken.我可不懂这些事。
  • Abstract words are beyond the ken of children.抽象的言辞超出小孩所理解的范围.
4 jersey Lp5zzo     
n.运动衫
参考例句:
  • He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
  • They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致,都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。
5 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
6 dinosaur xuSxp     
n.恐龙
参考例句:
  • Are you trying to tell me that David was attacked by a dinosaur?你是想要告诉我大卫被一支恐龙所攻击?
  • He stared at the faithful miniature of the dinosaur.他凝视著精确的恐龙缩小模型。
7 dinosaurs 87f9c39b9e3f358174d58a584c2727b4     
n.恐龙( dinosaur的名词复数 );守旧落伍的人,过时落后的东西
参考例句:
  • The brontosaurus was one of the largest of all dinosaurs. 雷龙是所有恐龙中最大的一种。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. 恐龙绝种已有几百万年了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 transcend qJbzC     
vt.超出,超越(理性等)的范围
参考例句:
  • We can't transcend the limitations of the ego.我们无法超越自我的局限性。
  • Everyone knows that the speed of airplanes transcend that of ships.人人都知道飞机的速度快于轮船的速度。
9 excavating 5d793b033d109ef3f1f026bd95b1d9f5     
v.挖掘( excavate的现在分词 );开凿;挖出;发掘
参考例句:
  • A bulldozer was employed for excavating the foundations of the building. 推土机用来给楼房挖地基。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • A new Danish expedition is again excavating the site in annual summer digs. 一支新的丹麦探险队又在那个遗址上进行一年一度的夏季挖掘。 来自辞典例句
10 domain ys8xC     
n.(活动等)领域,范围;领地,势力范围
参考例句:
  • This information should be in the public domain.这一消息应该为公众所知。
  • This question comes into the domain of philosophy.这一问题属于哲学范畴。
11 rendezvous XBfzj     
n.约会,约会地点,汇合点;vi.汇合,集合;vt.使汇合,使在汇合地点相遇
参考例句:
  • She made the rendezvous with only minutes to spare.她还差几分钟时才来赴约。
  • I have a rendezvous with Peter at a restaurant on the harbour.我和彼得在海港的一个餐馆有个约会。
12 culminates 1e079cac199f50d1f246c67891eef29e     
v.达到极点( culminate的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Each civilization is born, it culminates, and it decay. 各种文明都要历经诞生,鼎盛和衰落。 来自《用法词典》
  • The tower culminates in a 40-foot spire. 这塔的顶端是一个40英尺高的塔尖。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
13 poignant FB1yu     
adj.令人痛苦的,辛酸的,惨痛的
参考例句:
  • His lyrics are as acerbic and poignant as they ever have been.他的歌词一如既往的犀利辛辣。
  • It is especially poignant that he died on the day before his wedding.他在婚礼前一天去世了,这尤其令人悲恸。
14 pristine 5BQyC     
adj.原来的,古时的,原始的,纯净的,无垢的
参考例句:
  • He wiped his fingers on his pristine handkerchief.他用他那块洁净的手帕擦手指。
  • He wasn't about to blemish that pristine record.他本不想去玷污那清白的过去。
15 everlasting Insx7     
adj.永恒的,持久的,无止境的
参考例句:
  • These tyres are advertised as being everlasting.广告上说轮胎持久耐用。
  • He believes in everlasting life after death.他相信死后有不朽的生命。
16 cataclysms fa28596a1a83728401eb282f590effaf     
n.(突然降临的)大灾难( cataclysm的名词复数 )
参考例句:
17 retinue wB5zO     
n.侍从;随员
参考例句:
  • The duchess arrived,surrounded by her retinue of servants.公爵夫人在大批随从人马的簇拥下到达了。
  • The king's retinue accompanied him on the journey.国王的侍从在旅途上陪伴着他。
18 devoid dZzzx     
adj.全无的,缺乏的
参考例句:
  • He is completely devoid of humour.他十分缺乏幽默。
  • The house is totally devoid of furniture.这所房子里什么家具都没有。
19 sterilized 076c787b7497ea77bc28e91a6612edc3     
v.消毒( sterilize的过去式和过去分词 );使无菌;使失去生育能力;使绝育
参考例句:
  • My wife was sterilized after the birth of her fourth child. 我妻子生完第4个孩子后做了绝育手术。 来自辞典例句
  • All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use. 所有的外科手术器械在使用之前,必须消毒。 来自辞典例句
20 incessant WcizU     
adj.不停的,连续的
参考例句:
  • We have had incessant snowfall since yesterday afternoon.从昨天下午开始就持续不断地下雪。
  • She is tired of his incessant demands for affection.她厌倦了他对感情的不断索取。
21 clumps a9a186997b6161c6394b07405cf2f2aa     
n.(树、灌木、植物等的)丛、簇( clump的名词复数 );(土、泥等)团;块;笨重的脚步声v.(树、灌木、植物等的)丛、簇( clump的第三人称单数 );(土、泥等)团;块;笨重的脚步声
参考例句:
  • These plants quickly form dense clumps. 这些植物很快形成了浓密的树丛。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The bulbs were over. All that remained of them were clumps of brown leaves. 这些鳞茎死了,剩下的只是一丛丛的黃叶子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
22 agitated dzgzc2     
adj.被鼓动的,不安的
参考例句:
  • His answers were all mixed up,so agitated was he.他是那样心神不定,回答全乱了。
  • She was agitated because her train was an hour late.她乘坐的火车晚点一个小时,她十分焦虑。
23 primordial 11PzK     
adj.原始的;最初的
参考例句:
  • It is the primordial force that propels us forward.它是推动我们前进的原始动力。
  • The Neanderthal Man is one of our primordial ancestors.的尼安德特人是我们的原始祖先之一.
24 ellipses 80016ca1ead584db2209b9bdd97c184f     
n.椭园,省略号;椭圆( ellipse的名词复数 );(语法结构上的)省略( ellipsis的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The planets move around the sun in ellipses. 各行星围绕太阳按椭圆形运转。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Summations are almost invariably indicated ellipses instead of the more prevalent sigma notation. 在表示“连加”的式子中,几乎一成不变地使用省略号来代替更为流行的“∑”符号。 来自辞典例句
25 bug 5skzf     
n.虫子;故障;窃听器;vt.纠缠;装窃听器
参考例句:
  • There is a bug in the system.系统出了故障。
  • The bird caught a bug on the fly.那鸟在飞行中捉住了一只昆虫。
26 reign pBbzx     
n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势
参考例句:
  • The reign of Queen Elizabeth lapped over into the seventeenth century.伊丽莎白王朝延至17世纪。
  • The reign of Zhu Yuanzhang lasted about 31 years.朱元璋统治了大约三十一年。
27 ascent TvFzD     
n.(声望或地位)提高;上升,升高;登高
参考例句:
  • His rapid ascent in the social scale was surprising.他的社会地位提高之迅速令人吃惊。
  • Burke pushed the button and the elevator began its slow ascent.伯克按动电钮,电梯开始缓慢上升。
28 prelude 61Fz6     
n.序言,前兆,序曲
参考例句:
  • The prelude to the musical composition is very long.这首乐曲的序曲很长。
  • The German invasion of Poland was a prelude to World War II.德国入侵波兰是第二次世界大战的序幕。
29 coalescence CWbyj     
n.合并,联合
参考例句:
  • It is formed by the coalescence of the first three neuromeres in the embryo .它是由胚胎时的前三个神经原节愈合而成的。
  • The other process of droplet growth is by collision and coalescence.云滴增长的另一个过程是各云滴间的碰撞和并合。
30 transformation SnFwO     
n.变化;改造;转变
参考例句:
  • Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
  • He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。
31 humbling 643ebf3f558f4dfa49252dce8143a9c8     
adj.令人羞辱的v.使谦恭( humble的现在分词 );轻松打败(尤指强大的对手);低声下气
参考例句:
  • A certain humbling from time to time is good. 不时受点儿屈辱是有好处的。 来自辞典例句
  • It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-buildingexperience. 据说天文学是一种令人产生自卑、塑造人格的科学。 来自互联网
32 axe 2oVyI     
n.斧子;v.用斧头砍,削减
参考例句:
  • Be careful with that sharp axe.那把斧子很锋利,你要当心。
  • The edge of this axe has turned.这把斧子卷了刃了。
33 wondrous pfIyt     
adj.令人惊奇的,奇妙的;adv.惊人地;异乎寻常地;令人惊叹地
参考例句:
  • The internal structure of the Department is wondrous to behold.看一下国务院的内部结构是很有意思的。
  • We were driven across this wondrous vast land of lakes and forests.我们乘车穿越这片有着湖泊及森林的广袤而神奇的土地。
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