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This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是史蒂夫·米尔斯基。

"The first thing is that people have to come to grips with the difficulties we face. I think the scientists have and many of the people have, but the governments have to."

“首先，人们必须认真解决我们面临的困难。我认为科学家和多数人要认真应对，同时政府也必须着手解决。”

Yale University's William Nordhaus, who on October 8th shared the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis." He spoke¹ by phone to a representative of the Nobel Prizes.

2018年10月8日，诺贝尔经济学奖的一半授予耶鲁大学的威廉·诺德豪斯，以表彰他“将气候变化纳入长期宏观经济分析中”。他与诺贝尔奖委员会的一位代表通了电话。

"And then the second thing that's most important is that we take some kind of economic steps — I have advocated for many years a carbon tax as a way of implementing² policies. And then the third thing is we'll have to have a significant technological³ transformation⁴. Of course, those first two would help the third. But those three have to go together. You can't do it without public support. But you can't do it without some kind of economic signals, in the form of a carbon tax. And then all of those will help induce the technological changes that are necessary to make a transition to a low-carbon world."

“第二件最重要的事情是，我们要采取一些经济措施，多年来我一直倡导将碳排放税作为施行政策的一种方式。第三，我们必须要进行重大的技术变革。当然，前两点的执行有助于推动第三点的实现。但是，这三者必须携手并进。没有公众的支持就无法做到。但如果没有碳排放税形式的某种经济信号，同样无法实现。所有这些策略都将有助于引导技术变革，这是向低碳世界转型所必需的。”

Nordhaus shared the prize with Paul Romer of New York University, for his work "integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis."

纽约大学的保罗·罗默与诺德豪斯共同获得了诺贝尔经济学奖，以表彰他“将技术创新纳入长期宏观经济分析中”。

Nordhaus continued: "The most recent work I've done is studying actual trends in abatement⁵ and in policies, suggests we're doing much less than what needs to be to reach any of the targets, whether it's a 1.5-degree or 2-degree or even a 3-degree target. I think the policies are lagging very very far, miles, miles, miles behind the science and what needs to be done...but it's not too late. But the steps we have to take are more difficult now than if we'd started earlier."

诺德豪斯接着说道：“我最近在研究减排和政策方面的实际趋势，结果表明：我们现在所做的远远少于达到任何目标所需要的，无论是将全球变暖限制在1.5度、2度甚至是3度。我认为政策远远落后于科学和我们需要做的事，但现在还不算太晚。不过，比起早些开始行动，我们现在才采取措施就不得不承担更大的难度。”

For Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是史蒂夫·米尔斯基。