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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Scientists observed two Atlantic puffins using sticks to scratch themselves—the first known instance of seabirds using tools. Christopher Intagliata reports.
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We humans used to think that our ability to use tools made us different from all other animals. But then we found out that chimps1 use tools, too, such as twigs2 to gather termite3 snacks and rocks to hammer open nuts. And some birds use tools—like brainy New Caledonian crows, which can assemble multipart tools to solve puzzle boxes presented to them by researchers.
Now we’ve learned that a different group of birds—seabirds—can also use tools. Scientists spied on Atlantic puffins, the distinctive4 tuxedoed5 birds with bright orange beaks7. And in 2014 the observers spotted8 one floating on the sea off Wales, scratching its back with a stick.
Then, in 2018, the researchers caught another tool-using puffin on camera, on Iceland’s Grímsey Island.
[CLIP: Video]
In a short video clip, a puffin can be seen grabbing a stick with its beak6 and then using it to scratch its chest—perhaps to dislodge one of the seabird ticks infesting9 the island that summer.
The details about puffin proficiency10 are in the Proceedings11 of the National Academy of Sciences. [Annette L. Fayet, Erpur Sn?r Hansen and Dora Biro, Evidence of tool use in a seabird]
Study author Annette Fayet told Scientific American in an e-mail that these two instances don’t prove that seabirds are highly intelligent—though they could be smarter than we thought. But what is certain, she says, is that puffin populations are crashing, and it’s largely the fault of us and our tools—which have led to overfishing, climate change, marine12 pollution and the presence of invasive species, all of which make seabird life harder. It would be nice to keep puffins and their compatriots around and find out just what else we don’t know that they’re capable of.
—Christopher Intagliata
1 chimps | |
(非洲)黑猩猩( chimp的名词复数 ) | |
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2 twigs | |
细枝,嫩枝( twig的名词复数 ) | |
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3 termite | |
n.白蚁 | |
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4 distinctive | |
adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的 | |
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5 tuxedoed | |
adj.穿无尾礼服的,穿(夜)小礼服的 | |
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6 beak | |
n.鸟嘴,茶壶嘴,钩形鼻 | |
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7 beaks | |
n.鸟嘴( beak的名词复数 );鹰钩嘴;尖鼻子;掌权者 | |
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8 spotted | |
adj.有斑点的,斑纹的,弄污了的 | |
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9 infesting | |
v.害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的现在分词 );遍布于 | |
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10 proficiency | |
n.精通,熟练,精练 | |
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11 proceedings | |
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报 | |
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12 marine | |
adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵 | |
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