科学美国人60秒 SSS 诺贝尔奖得主谈论当今的病毒学

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I’m Steve Mirsky.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是史蒂夫·米尔斯基。

“I guess we're in the middle of a sort of a major virology education.”

“我想我们正处于一种主流的病毒学教育之中。”

Charles Rice of the Rockefeller University in New York City.

纽约洛克菲勒大学的查尔斯·赖斯。

“I think that, you know, the field has definitely changed, you know, since the days when I was a graduate student.

“我认为，你知道，从我还是研究生的日子开始, 这个领域肯定发生了变化。”

And I think one of the things that is very reassuring¹ now is really the global response to this pandemic in the sort of academic and clinical and, you know, sort of pharma communities. The rate of progress.”

“我认为现在非常令人欣慰的事情之一是全球对这种流行病的学术和临床以及制药社区的反应。这是进步的速度。”

Earlier today, October 5, 2020, Rice was informed that he had won the Nobel Prize in Physiology² or Medicine for the discovery of the virus that causes hepatitis C.

今天早些时候，也就是 2020 年 10 月 5 日，赖斯被告知他因发现导致丙型肝炎的病毒而获得诺贝尔生理学奖或医学奖。

The identification of the virus has led to tests and treatments for the condition.

病毒的识别导致了可以对这种疾病进行检测和治疗。

Rice shared the prize with Harvey Alter of the National Institutes of Health and Michael Houghton of the University of Alberta.

赖斯与美国国家卫生研究院的哈维·奥尔特和阿尔伯塔大学的迈克尔·霍顿共同获奖。

“It took us months and months of toil³ to sequence a single viral genome.

“我们花了好几个月的时间来测序单个病毒基因组。

Now people can do that in a matter of hours.

现在人们可以在几小时内做到这一点。

And the rate at which people have been able to make progress on understanding SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is just spectacular.”

人们在了解SARS-CoV-2和COVID-19方面取得进展的速度非常惊人。”

Rice spoke⁴ this morning on a Web press conference from Rockefeller University.

赖斯今早在洛克菲勒大学的网络新闻发布会上发表了讲话。

“So I think it’s taught us a lot of things about science in general.

“所以我认为它教会了我们很多关于科学的东西。

If there’s really a pressing problem, we mobilize people all around the world to sort of work on these problems.

如果真的有紧迫的问题，我们会动员世界各地的人们来解决这些问题。

Really great progress can be made.

真的可以取得很大的进步。

You know, people would love to have a cure in a week or a vaccine⁵ in a week.

你知道，人们希望在一周内治愈或在一周内获得疫苗。

I mean, that’s not feasible, but the speed with which good therapeutics and vaccines⁶ will be developed for SARS-CoV-2 to prevent COVID-19 is going to be spectacular.

我的意思是，这是不可行的，但为预防COVID-19，针对SARS-CoV-2开发好的治疗方法和疫苗速度将是惊人的。

“And it's, it has a way of, I think it's really sort of changing the way that science is done to really make it more of a community effort rather than something that, many years ago, might have been pursued by a few labs in isolation⁷.

“它以一种方式，我认为这在某种程度上确实改变了科学研究的方式，使它真正成为 一个社区努力的事情，而不是许多年前可能只有几个实验室单独从事的事情。

So I think the sort of young virologists today just tell this amazing collection of tools and capabilities⁸ to understand what’s going on in virus biology and the host response at a level that was just never before possible.

所以我认为今天的年轻病毒学家可以识别这些惊人的工具，以及拥有可以在前所未有的水平上了解病毒生物学和宿主反应如何发生的能力。

“I’m very optimistic on the future of this, and I do hope that maybe the success with hepatitis C and, what I would predict,

“我对这件事的未来非常乐观，我确实希望丙型肝炎取得成功，并且，我的预测是，

the sort of eventual⁹ success and getting a handle on the current coronavirus pandemic that we face will sort of encourage us to not only recruit more virologists but also just encourage people to study these little troublemakers¹⁰,

最终的成功和应对当前我们面临的冠状病毒大流行，将在某种程度上鼓励我们不仅招募更多的病毒学家，而且还鼓励人们研究这些小麻烦制造者，

because you never know when they're gonna pop up and cause trouble.

因为你永远不知道它们什么时候会突然出现并造成麻烦。

So it’s worth a small investment.”

所以这值得一笔小投资。”

For Scientific American's 60-second Science. I’m Steve Mirsky .

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是史蒂夫·米尔斯基。

1 reassuring   

a.使人消除恐惧和疑虑的，使人放心的

参考例句：

• He gave her a reassuring pat on the shoulder. 他轻拍了一下她的肩膀让她放心。
• With a reassuring pat on her arm, he left. 他鼓励地拍了拍她的手臂就离开了。

2 physiology   

n.生理学，生理机能

参考例句：

• He bought a book about physiology.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
• He was awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in physiology.他因生理学方面的建树而被授予诺贝尔奖。

3 toil   

vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事

参考例句：

• The wealth comes from the toil of the masses.财富来自大众的辛勤劳动。
• Every single grain is the result of toil.每一粒粮食都来之不易。

4 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

5 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

6 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

7 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

8 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

9 eventual   

adj.最后的，结局的，最终的

参考例句：

• Several schools face eventual closure.几所学校面临最终关闭。
• Both parties expressed optimism about an eventual solution.双方对问题的最终解决都表示乐观。

10 troublemakers   

n.惹是生非者，捣乱者( troublemaker的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was employed to chuck out any troublemakers. 他受雇把捣乱者赶走。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She had automatically labelled the boys as troublemakers. 她不假思索地认定这些男孩子是捣蛋鬼。 来自《简明英汉词典》