时代周刊:揭秘性罪犯治疗 和性犯罪者一起接受治疗(2)

The more than 800,000 registered sex offenders² in the U.S. may feel that their parole restrictions³ are onerous⁴,

美国80多万名登记在册的性犯罪者或许会觉得假释的限制条件太过苛刻，

but the mere⁵ presence of a known offender¹ in almost any community

然而，无论哪个社区，但凡有为人所知的性犯罪者出现，

precipitates⁶ clashes of competing interests and legal battles that have only intensified⁷ in the wake of the #MeToo movement.

“#我也是”运动后本就已经加剧的利益冲突和官司斗争基本就会来得更快。

In at least 10 recent lawsuits⁸ filed in states from Pennsylvania to Colorado,

从宾夕法尼亚到科罗拉多，各州最近接到的至少10起诉讼中，

civil rights proponents⁹ argue that sex offenders face unconstitutional punishments that other criminals do not,

民权倡导者们都声称，性犯罪者还面临着其他类型的罪犯未曾面临的违宪性质的惩罚，

and they note that there are no government registries for murderers or other violent felons¹⁰ in most states.

他们还指出，大多数州政府都没有针对杀人犯或其他暴力型重罪犯的黑名单。

The Supreme¹¹ Court is scheduled to hear a case challenging the limits of the registry in its October term.

最高法院计划在下一年度内审理一起质疑其登记制度局限性的案件。

But advocates for the millions of women, men and children who have experienced sexual violence are pushing back on any reforms,

但为数百万遭受过性暴力的女性，男性以及儿童发声的权益倡导者们正在反抗任何形式的改革，

and 12 states have passed or proposed further restrictions on offenders in the past year.

而且，过去的一年里，有12个州都已经通过或者提出了进一步限制性犯罪者的议案。

"What most of my clients want is their attacker gone," says Lisa Anderson, a lawyer who represents survivors¹² of rape¹³.

“我客户中有大多数人想要的结果都是那些伤害他们的人能够从这个世界上消失，”为强奸幸存者代理案件的律师丽莎·安德森说道。

"If I could brand them with a scarlet¹⁴ letter on their forehead, I would, because I don't want any woman hurt like that again."

“我要是能在他们的额头上烙一个红字，我就烙，因为我不想让其他女性也受到那样的伤害。”

Most people find it difficult to reconcile the hope that rehabilitation¹⁵ is possible with the impulse to push these men to the periphery¹⁶ of society forever.

大多数人都发现，他们很难调和弃恶从善也有可能这一希望和将那些人永远地推到社会的边缘的冲动。

Punitive¹⁷ measures alone, however, have not been found to meaningfully increase community safety.

然而，就目前来看，仅靠惩罚措施还不能有效地加强社区的安全。

Meanwhile, therapy—when paired with tough parole restrictions—can significantly reduce the chance of re-offending,

但治疗——和严格的假释限制结合起来的时候——能显著地降低性犯罪者再次犯罪的几率，

according to the American Psychological Association.

据美国心理协会透露。

"It's hard for me to believe that someone could violently ignore the will of another and then be taught not to cross that line," says Anderson.

“很难让我相信，会粗暴地无视他人的意愿的人也能听从教导不再越界，”安德森说。

"But if it's possible to teach them empathy, then that should be mandatory¹⁸.

“但如果这种治疗可以教会他们同理心的话，那就应该强制让他们接受这种治疗。”

There are about 2,350 therapists across the nation who provide court-mandated treatment to sex offenders.

美国大约有2350名治疗师为性犯罪者提供法庭强制的心理治疗。

(Counseling is also offered through prisons and other government institutions.)

(政府也会通过监狱或其他机构提供这类服务。)

Judges refer the offenders to psychologists or clinical social workers who are authorized¹⁹ by states.

法官们会将罪犯移交给州政府授权的心理学家或临床社会工作者。

In some cases, the government subsidizes the cost of treatment.

有时，政府还会补贴治疗费用。

Private therapists can refuse to see certain patients at their discretion²⁰.

私人治疗师可自行决定拒绝接受某些病人。

Cheryl, a clinical social worker, and Jennifer, a licensed²¹ professional counselor²², oversee²³ the weekly meetings in the bungalow²⁴.

这间平房里举行的每周一次的例会就是临床社会工作者谢丽尔和有执照的专业咨询师詹妮弗负责监管的。

They have worked with both victims and perpetrators for almost 20 years.

两人都有近20年与受害者或者罪犯一起工作的经验。

They do not have to accept all referrals from the state––

她们不需要接受州政府推荐的所有性犯罪者——

and they say there are certain men they simply won't treat, such as those who repeatedly prey²⁵ on children, and seem unwilling²⁶ to change.

他们还说，有些人，比如反复欺凌儿童，看上去还不愿悔改的那些人，他们是根本就不给治疗的。

1 offender   

n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者

参考例句：

• They all sued out a pardon for an offender.他们请求法院赦免一名罪犯。
• The authorities often know that sex offenders will attack again when they are released.当局一般都知道性犯罪者在获释后往往会再次犯案。

2 offenders   

n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物）

参考例句：

• Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
• Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。

3 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

4 onerous   

adj.繁重的

参考例句：

• My household duties were not particularly onerous.我的家务活并不繁重。
• This obligation sometimes proves onerous.这一义务有时被证明是艰巨的。

5 mere   

adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

参考例句：

• That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
• It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

6 precipitates   

v.（突如其来地）使发生( precipitate的第三人称单数 )；促成；猛然摔下；使沉淀

参考例句：

• Water precipitates camphor from its alcoholic solution. 水能把樟脑从其酒精溶液中淀析出来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Precipitates are usually collected by centrifugation at intervals. 常常是用离心法分段收集沉淀的。 来自辞典例句

7 intensified   

v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Violence intensified during the night. 在夜间暴力活动加剧了。
• The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 lawsuits   

n.诉讼( lawsuit的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Lawsuits involving property rights and farming and grazing rights increased markedly. 涉及财产权，耕作与放牧权的诉讼案件显著地增加。 来自辞典例句
• I've lost and won more lawsuits than any man in England. 全英国的人算我官司打得最多，赢的也多，输的也多。 来自辞典例句

9 proponents   

n.（某事业、理论等的）支持者，拥护者( proponent的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Reviewing courts were among the most active proponents of hybrid rulemaking procedures. 复审法院是最积极的混合型规则制定程序的建议者。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• Proponents of such opinions were arrested as 'traitors. ' 提倡这种主张的人马上作为“卖国贼”逮捕起来。 来自辞典例句

10 felons   

n.重罪犯( felon的名词复数 )；瘭疽；甲沟炎；指头脓炎

参考例句：

• Aren't those the seats they use for transporting convicted felons? 这些坐位不是他们用来押运重犯的吗？ 来自电影对白
• House Republicans talk of making felons out of the undocumented and those who help them. 众议院共和党议员正商议对未登记的非法移民以及包庇他们的人课以重罪。 来自互联网

11 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

12 survivors   

幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The survivors were adrift in a lifeboat for six days. 幸存者在救生艇上漂流了六天。
• survivors clinging to a raft 紧紧抓住救生筏的幸存者

13 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

14 scarlet   

n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的

参考例句：

• The scarlet leaves of the maples contrast well with the dark green of the pines.深红的枫叶和暗绿的松树形成了明显的对比。
• The glowing clouds are growing slowly pale,scarlet,bright red,and then light red.天空的霞光渐渐地淡下去了，深红的颜色变成了绯红，绯红又变为浅红。

15 rehabilitation   

n.康复，悔过自新，修复，复兴，复职，复位

参考例句：

• He's booked himself into a rehabilitation clinic.他自己联系了一家康复诊所。
• No one can really make me rehabilitation of injuries.已经没有人可以真正令我的伤康复了。

16 periphery   

n.(圆体的)外面；周围

参考例句：

• Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe.从地理位置上讲，英国处于欧洲边缘。
• The periphery of the retina is very sensitive to motion.视网膜的外围对运动非常敏感。

17 punitive   

adj.惩罚的，刑罚的

参考例句：

• They took punitive measures against the whole gang.他们对整帮人采取惩罚性措施。
• The punitive tariff was imposed to discourage tire imports from China.该惩罚性关税的征收是用以限制中国轮胎进口的措施。

18 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

19 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

20 discretion   

n.谨慎；随意处理

参考例句：

• You must show discretion in choosing your friend.你择友时必须慎重。
• Please use your best discretion to handle the matter.请慎重处理此事。

21 licensed   

adj.得到许可的v.许可，颁发执照(license的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• The new drug has not yet been licensed in the US. 这种新药尚未在美国获得许可。
• Is that gun licensed? 那支枪有持枪执照吗？

22 counselor   

n.顾问，法律顾问

参考例句：

• The counselor gave us some disinterested advice.顾问给了我们一些无私的忠告。
• Chinese commercial counselor's office in foreign countries.中国驻国外商务参赞处。

23 oversee   

vt.监督，管理

参考例句：

• Soldiers oversee the food handouts.士兵们看管着救济食品。
• Use a surveyor or architect to oversee and inspect the different stages of the work.请一位房产检视员或建筑师来监督并检查不同阶段的工作。

24 bungalow   

n.平房，周围有阳台的木造小平房

参考例句：

• A bungalow does not have an upstairs.平房没有上层。
• The old couple sold that large house and moved into a small bungalow.老两口卖掉了那幢大房子，搬进了小平房。

25 prey   

n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨

参考例句：

• Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
• The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。

26 unwilling   

adj.不情愿的

参考例句：

• The natives were unwilling to be bent by colonial power.土著居民不愿受殖民势力的摆布。
• His tightfisted employer was unwilling to give him a raise.他那吝啬的雇主不肯给他加薪。