时代周刊:女性选举权先锋

The Suffragists

女性选举权先锋

By Erin Blakemore

文/艾琳·布莱克莫尔

Blakemore is a journalist and the author of The Heroine's Bookshelf

布莱克莫尔是一名记者，也是《女英雄的书架》的作者。

It was the culmination¹ of generations of activism, and Carrie Chapman Catt, who had devoted² three decades to the suffrage³ struggle,

1920年，（美国宪法）第十九条修正案正式通过，一代又一代女性选举权斗争就此达到高潮，

was among the crowds that celebrated⁴ the ratification⁵ of the 19th Amendment⁶ in 1920.

庆祝修正案通过的人群中，就有在那之前已经为女性选举权斗争努力了30个年头的凯莉·查普曼·卡特的身影。

"Women have suffered agony of soul which you never can comprehend,

“（你们之前的）女性在心灵上承受了你们永远也无法领会的痛苦，

that you and your daughters might inherit political freedom," Catt told a victorious⁷ throng⁸.

（才换来了）你和你的女儿承袭政治自由的可能，”卡特对欢呼的人群说道。

"Prize it!"

“请好好珍惜！”

Among those agonies was an ongoing⁹ debate about how women should go about securing those rights—

有关女性应该如何捍卫这些权利的辩论没完没了，争论不休，

and the ongoing disenfranchisement of women of color.

剥夺有色人种女性选举权的做法仍未停止，这些都是她们承受的痛楚。

Catt opted¹⁰ for pragmatism and politics, lobbying on a state level and in the halls of Congress.

卡特选择了实用主义和政治，到州里，到国会大厅四处游说。

Along the way, she tussled with Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, militant¹¹ suffragists who preferred a more dramatic approach.

这样一来，她便与同为女性选举权先锋的爱丽丝·保罗，露西·伯恩斯二人起了冲突。伯恩斯二人风格偏激进，偏向用更为戏剧化的办法解决问题。

Paul and Burns organized public parades

比如组织公共游行，

and staged a groundbreaking, yearslong White House picket¹² with banners that implored¹³ President Woodrow Wilson to act.

拉着恳求伍德罗·威尔逊总统采取行动的横幅，在白宫外举行颠覆性的抗议活动，而且一抗议就是数年。

The "Silent Sentinels" endured arrests and imprisonment¹⁴ in a squalid workhouse where they were brutalized and force-fed.

结果，“沉默的哨兵”们被逮捕并监禁到了一个肮脏的劳改所里，在那里受到了残忍的对待，甚至被强行喂食。

Which approach was more effective?

两种方法，哪一种更有效？

"Every movement for social change needs both," says suffrage historian Johanna Neuman.

“每一场社会变革运动都需要两种办法双管齐下，”研究女性选举权斗争历史的约翰娜·诺伊曼说。

For women of color, though, the 1920 victory did not guarantee voting rights.

然而，对有色人种女性而言，1920年的胜利并没能保证她们的投票权。

Despite their fervent¹⁵ participation¹⁶ in the suffrage struggle,

尽管她们积极参与了那场斗争，

their voting rights were secured only with the 1965 Voting Rights Act.

她们的投票权依然要等到1965年选举权法案通过才能得到保障。

Native Americans like Zitkala-Sa, a member of the Yankton Dakota Sioux, were not considered U.S. citizens and were not qualified¹⁷ to vote.

扬克顿达科他苏族成员齐特卡拉一莎那样的原住民不被认可为美国公民，也没有投票的资格。

"Americanize the first American!" she urged in 1921.

“承认最早的美国人的美国人身份！”她曾在1921年敦促道。

Even after the Indian Citizenship¹⁸ Act she had lobbied for became law in 1924, it did not guarantee the vote.

即便她为之努力游说的《印第安公民法案》在1924年终于写入了法律，这一法案也没能保卫她们的选举权。

Zitkala-Sa agitated¹⁹ for full voting rights for the rest of her life.

之后，齐特卡拉一莎一直在为争取100%的选举权奔走呼告。

Only in 1962, decades after her death, did Native Americans gain the right to vote from every state legislature.

直到1962年，也就是她去世几十年后，原住民才从所有州的立法机构手中获得了投票权。

The 19th Amendment was also bittersweet to black suffragist Ida B. Wells- Barnett.

对黑人女性选举权先锋艾达·B.威尔斯-巴内特而言，第十九条修正案也是喜忧参半的成果。

"With no sacredness of the ballot²⁰ there can be no sacredness of human life itself," she wrote in 1910,

“选票不再神圣，人的生命本身也就不可能神圣了，”

tying women's right to vote to Jim Crow disenfranchisement of black men.

1910年她将女性投票权与黑人男性被剥夺选举权这样的种族歧视做法联系在一起写道。

Despite her contributions to the movement, Wells-Barnett was snubbed by white activists²¹.

尽管威尔斯-巴内特为这场运动做出了杰出的贡献，她本人却受到了白人活动家的冷落。

At a 1913 suffrage parade, she was told to march in the rear.

在1913年的一次选举权游行中，她被告知她应该在队伍后方游行。

She rebelled, claiming a spot alongside white participants instead.

她并没有顺从，执意要与白人参与者并排前进。

"This part of the suffrage story is a tragic²² one," says Wells-Barnett biographer Paula Giddings.

“选举权斗争的这部分故事也是悲剧的，”为威尔斯-巴尼特作传的保拉·吉丁斯说。

"It's time to re-examine the movement and its flaws so we won't repeat them again."

“此时此刻，我们若不重新审视这场运动以及这场运动的缺陷，日后，我们就还会重蹈覆辙。”

1 culmination   

n.顶点；最高潮

参考例句：

• The space race reached its culmination in the first moon walk.太空竞争以第一次在月球行走而达到顶峰。
• It may truly be regarded as the culmination of classical Greek geometry.这确实可以看成是古典希腊几何的登峰造级之作。

2 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

3 suffrage   

n.投票，选举权，参政权

参考例句：

• The question of woman suffrage sets them at variance.妇女参政的问题使他们发生争执。
• The voters gave their suffrage to him.投票人都投票选他。

4 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

5 ratification   

n.批准，认可

参考例句：

• The treaty is awaiting ratification.条约正等待批准。
• The treaty is subject to ratification.此条约经批准后才能生效。

6 amendment   

n.改正，修正，改善，修正案

参考例句：

• The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
• The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。

7 victorious   

adj.胜利的，得胜的

参考例句：

• We are certain to be victorious.我们定会胜利。
• The victorious army returned in triumph.获胜的部队凯旋而归。

8 throng   

n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集

参考例句：

• A patient throng was waiting in silence.一大群耐心的人在静静地等着。
• The crowds thronged into the mall.人群涌进大厅。

9 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

10 opted   

v.选择，挑选( opt的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She was co-opted onto the board. 她获增选为董事会成员。
• After graduating she opted for a career in music. 毕业后她选择了从事音乐工作。

11 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

12 picket   

n.纠察队；警戒哨；v.设置纠察线；布置警卫

参考例句：

• They marched to the factory and formed a picket.他们向工厂前进,并组成了纠察队。
• Some of the union members did not want to picket.工会的一些会员不想担任罢工纠察员。

13 implored   

恳求或乞求（某人）( implore的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She implored him to stay. 她恳求他留下。
• She implored him with tears in her eyes to forgive her. 她含泪哀求他原谅她。

14 imprisonment   

n.关押，监禁，坐牢

参考例句：

• His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
• He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。

15 fervent   

adj.热的，热烈的，热情的

参考例句：

• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。
• Austria was among the most fervent supporters of adolf hitler.奥地利是阿道夫希特勒最狂热的支持者之一。

16 participation   

n.参与，参加，分享

参考例句：

• Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
• The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。

17 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

18 citizenship   

n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份)

参考例句：

• He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生，但没有瑞典公民身分。
• Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后，她选择了澳大利亚国籍。

19 agitated   

adj.被鼓动的，不安的

参考例句：

• His answers were all mixed up,so agitated was he.他是那样心神不定，回答全乱了。
• She was agitated because her train was an hour late.她乘坐的火车晚点一个小时，她十分焦虑。

20 ballot   

n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票

参考例句：

• The members have demanded a ballot.会员们要求投票表决。
• The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.工会称他们将要求会员投票表决是否罢工。

21 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

22 tragic   

adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的

参考例句：

• The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic.污染海滩后果可悲。
• Charles was a man doomed to tragic issues.查理是个注定不得善终的人。