世界名人简介 第45期:菲德尔·卡斯特罗

 Fidel Castro is a Cuban revolutionary leader who became one of the highest profile figures of the twentieth century. He was Cuba's leader from 1959 until his retirement¹ in 2008. For most of his life he has fought the political and commercial influence of the United States in Cuba. He governed his country throughout decades of a US trade embargo².

菲德尔·卡斯特罗是古巴革命领袖，他是20世纪最为著名的人物之一。1959年，他成为了古巴领袖，直到2008年退休为止。在他人生的绝大多数时间里，他都在抗击美国政治和商业给古巴所带来的影响。在美国实施贸易禁运的数十年里，他一直领导着古巴人民。

Castro was born on a sugar plantation³ in 1926. He had a very poor upbringing. He was an extremely bright student at school and decided⁴ to study law. In 1945, Castro entered law school at the University of Havana. He became politically active and wanted to bring social justice to his country. He thought the poverty in Cuba was wholly unnecessary.

1926年，卡斯特罗出生在甘蔗种植园主之家。他出生贫寒。上学时表现出了聪慧的一面，并决定学习法律。1945年，卡斯特罗考入了哈瓦那大学法律系。他在政界非常活跃，并希望将社会正义带到古巴。他认为古巴的贫穷是可以战胜的。

Castro graduated from law school in 1950 and began practicing as a lawyer. He became well known for despising American influence in Cuban affairs. He decided revolution was the only way to advance Cuban nationalism. He went to Mexico to plan a guerilla invasion of Cuba. There he met Che Guevara, who helped shape his political beliefs and military plans.

1950年，卡斯特罗法律系毕业，并成为了一名律师。因他在古巴反美活动中表现出对美国的蔑视感而名声大噪。他认为革命是古巴民族主义进步的唯一方法。他前往墨西哥，准备对古巴进行游击战。他在那里遇到了切·格瓦拉，他帮助卡斯特罗塑造了政治信仰，并完成了军事计划。

Castro’s rebel forces started the revolution in December 1958. They quickly seized power of the whole of Cuba and sent President Batista fleeing. The 32-year-old Castro became prime minister in February 1959. He went to the USA but was denied a meeting with President Eisenhower. He then went to the Soviet⁵ Union and became a Soviet ally. He stood firm against the USA for four decades.

1958年12月，卡斯特罗的反叛军开始进行革命。他们迅速控制了整个古巴，总统巴蒂斯塔逃跑。1959年二月，32岁的卡斯特罗成为了古巴领导人。他曾前往美国，艾尔豪威尔总统拒绝与他进行会晤。之后，他前往苏联，并成为了苏联的盟友。40年以来，他始终反对美国。

1.sugar plantation 甘蔗种植园

例句：Their banking⁶ and commercial interests, along with their 15, 000-acre sugar plantation, made them one of the wealthiest families in the province. 

他们的开办的银行和其他商业利益还有他们15000公顷的甘蔗种植园让他们是这个省中最富有的家庭之一。

2.revolutionary leader 革命领袖

例句：China's revolutionary leader Mao Zedong dreamed of building the Three Gorges⁷ Dam. Construction started in 1994. 

革命领导人毛泽东曾经梦想建造三峡大坝。三峡建设动工于1994年。

3.social justice 社会正义

例句：It believed in socialism and social justice. 

它信奉社会主义和社会正义。

4.Soviet ally 苏联盟友

例句：During the Cold War, Soviet-ally Castro funded guerrilla wars against pro-U.S. governments in Nicaragua, Bolivia and El Salvador. 

在冷战时期，前苏联的盟友卡斯特罗在尼加拉瓜，玻利维亚和萨尔瓦多资助游击战争，反对亲美的各国政府。

1 retirement   

n.退休，退职

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。

2 embargo   

n.禁运（令）；vt.对...实行禁运，禁止（通商）

参考例句：

• This country put an oil embargo on an enemy country.该国对敌国实行石油禁运。
• During the war,they laid an embargo on commerce with enemy countries.在战争期间，他们禁止与敌国通商。

3 plantation   

n.种植园，大农场

参考例句：

• His father-in-law is a plantation manager.他岳父是个种植园经营者。
• The plantation owner has possessed himself of a vast piece of land.这个种植园主把大片土地占为己有。

4 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

5 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

6 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

7 gorges   

n.山峡，峡谷( gorge的名词复数 )；咽喉v.（用食物把自己）塞饱，填饱( gorge的第三人称单数 )；作呕

参考例句：

• The explorers were confronted with gorges(that were)almost impassable and rivers(that were)often unfordable. 探险人员面临着几乎是无路可通的峡谷和常常是无法渡过的河流。 来自辞典例句
• We visited the Yangtse Gorges last summer. 去年夏天我们游历了长江三峡。 来自辞典例句