世界名人简介 第65期:希尔琳·艾芭迪

 Shirin Ebadi, born in 1947, is an Iranian lawyer and human rights activist¹. She is most famous for winning the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize. The panel of judges praised her significant and pioneering efforts for democracy and human rights, especially women's and children's rights. She is the only Iranian and the first Muslim woman to receive the prize.

希尔琳·艾芭迪出生于1947年，她是伊朗律师和人权活动者。最为人们所知的是在2003年获得诺贝尔和平奖。评委会赞赏她对民主和人权所做出的卓越贡献，特别是儿童和妇女的权益。并成为第一位获得该奖的伊朗人和穆斯林女性。

Ebadi grew up in Teheran and graduated in law in 1965. Four years later, she qualified² to become a judge. In 1975, she became the first woman in her country to be in charge of a court. Following the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the new government decided³ it was against Islam for women to be judges, so Ebadi was demoted to a secretarial position.

艾芭迪出生在德黑兰，1965年，艾芭迪法学毕业。四年之后，她成为了一名法官。1975年，她成为了伊朗首位女性大法官。1979年，伊朗发生革命，新政府认为女性法官违反了伊斯兰教义，艾芭迪被降职成了一名秘书。

Ebadi was allowed to practice as a lawyer in 1993. She famously defended high-profile cases, especially those who challenged Iran’s leadership. She started campaigning for greater legal protection for women and children, gender⁴ equality, and democracy. She drafted a text against the physical abuse of children, which passed into law in 2002. She also founded the Children's Rights Support Association in Iran.

1993年，艾芭迪被允许获得了律师资格。她参与了许多备受关注的案件，特别是一些威胁伊朗领导层的案件。她开始为妇女、儿童、男女平等以及民主寻求法律保护。她起草了反对虐待儿童的法律条文，并于2002年立法。她还建立了伊朗的儿童权益保障协会。

Winning the Nobel Prize propelled Ebadi onto the world stage. The selection committee praised her as a "courageous⁵ person" who "has never heeded⁶ the threat to her own safety". In 2008 she spoke⁷ about the dangers she faces in pursuing human rights. "Threats against my life and security and those of my family, which began some time ago, have intensified,"she said.

诺贝尔奖让艾芭迪登上了世界舞台。评选委员会赞扬了她的无畏精神，在自身安全受到威胁时，她从未低头。2008年，她讲述了在追寻人权道路中所遇到的危险。她称：“曾经威胁我生命、安全以及家人的事件愈演愈烈。”

1.human right 人权

例句：A fundamental human right is being withheld⁸ from these people.

这些人被剥夺了一项最基本的人权。

2.gender equality 男女平等

例句：Do you think the absolute gender equality is possible?

你认为男女可能绝对平等吗?

3.physical abuse 虐待

例句：Workers are subjected to physical abuse physical abuse, or intimidating⁹ abuse.

工人遭受到虐待和恐吓, 以及污言秽语。

4.demote to 使降职

例句：Establish a guild¹⁰, purchase a custom guild tabard , and promote or demote recruits to different ranks within the guild.

建立协会，购买习惯会馆图标，并促进或降聘警服内会馆。

1 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

2 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

3 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

4 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

5 courageous   

adj.勇敢的，有胆量的

参考例句：

• We all honour courageous people.我们都尊重勇敢的人。
• He was roused to action by courageous words.豪言壮语促使他奋起行动。

6 heeded   

v.听某人的劝告，听从( heed的过去式和过去分词 )；变平，使（某物）变平( flatten的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She countered that her advice had not been heeded. 她反驳说她的建议未被重视。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I heeded my doctor's advice and stopped smoking. 我听从医生的劝告，把烟戒了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

8 withheld   

withhold过去式及过去分词

参考例句：

• I withheld payment until they had fulfilled the contract. 他们履行合同后，我才付款。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• There was no school play because the principal withheld his consent. 由于校长没同意，学校里没有举行比赛。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 intimidating   

vt.恐吓，威胁( intimidate的现在分词)

参考例句：

• They were accused of intimidating people into voting for them. 他们被控胁迫选民投他们的票。
• This kind of questioning can be very intimidating to children. 这种问话的方式可能让孩子们非常害怕。

10 guild   

n.行会，同业公会，协会

参考例句：

• He used to be a member of the Writers' Guild of America.他曾是美国作家协会的一员。
• You had better incorporate the firm into your guild.你最好把这个公司并入你的行业协会。