世界名人简介 第93期:莫罕达斯·卡拉姆昌德·甘地

 Mohandas “Mahatma” Gandhi was India’s most important political and spiritual leader. He is honoured in India as Father of the Nation. His non-violent protests led to independence for India from the British. His beliefs and actions have inspired civil rights movements across the globe. He is an icon¹ of world peace. His birthday, 2nd October, is commemorated² worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence.

莫罕达斯·卡拉姆昌德·甘地曾是印度举足轻重的政治和灵魂领袖。印度尊称他为“国父”。通过“非暴力”抵抗运动，甘地使印度摆脱英国统治。他的信仰和行动也带动了全球人权运动发展。甘地代表了世界和平。为了纪念甘地，将每年的10月2日定为国际非暴力日，这天也是甘地诞辰。

Gandhi was born in Gujarat, Western India, in 1869. He grew up surrounded by religious traditions of compassion³, vegetarianism⁴, and tolerance⁵ for all people. He got married at the age of 13. When he was 19, he went to London to study law. He returned to India to practice as a lawyer but was hampered⁶ by British officials, so he accepted a job in South Africa.

1869年，甘地出生在西印度古吉拉特。他成长在一个虔诚仁爱、素食、宽容的家庭。甘地13岁结婚。19岁那年，前往伦敦学习法律。之后回到印度成为律师，但遭到英国官员阻挠，不得不在南非另谋它业。

In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination and hardship wherever he went. He was treated as a third-class citizen by white people. This awakened⁷ in him questions about social justice and the role of the British in India. He returned to India in 1915, ready to put to work the concept of passive resistance he developed in South Africa.

在南非，甘地无论走到哪里都受到歧视和侮辱。并被白人当作“三等公民”。这些惊醒了甘地，并对社会公正和英帝国主义产生了质疑。1915年，甘地回国，并将其在南非所发展的“消极抵抗”发扬光大。

Between 1916 and 1945, Gandhi campaigned tirelessly to set India free from British rule. He started by leading protests against British taxes and landlords, and walked across India encouraging non-cooperation with the British. He was arrested and imprisoned⁸ for creating unrest. Gandhi's fame spread all over the nation. He was assassinated⁹ in 1948. Two years later, India became an independent republic.

1916-1945年，为了使印度摆脱英国统治，甘地付出了决绝努力。起初，他领导英国税法和地主反抗运动，并在全国宣讲，发动不合作运动。因发动暴乱，甘地被捕入狱。甘地享誉全国。1984年，甘地遭刺杀。两年后，印度共和国成立。

1.protest against 反对

例句：Crowds of young demonstrators protested against the increase in students' fees.

成群结队的年轻示威者们抗议增加学费。

2.set free 使获得自由

例句：Breathing it, Robert felt as if he was set free from a cage. 

呼吸着空气，罗伯特感觉自己像是被人从牢笼释放出来一般。

3.lead to 导致

例句：Heart failure led to her father's death.

心力衰竭导致她父亲的死亡。

4.non-violent 非暴力的

例句：For 20 years, non-violent protests, marches and strikes by the Indians wore down British resistance. 

20年来，印度人非暴力的抗议、游行和罢工打败了英国人的抵抗。

1 icon   

n.偶像，崇拜的对象，画像

参考例句：

• They found an icon in the monastery.他们在修道院中发现了一个圣像。
• Click on this icon to align or justify text.点击这个图标使文本排齐。

2 commemorated   

v.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Lincoln commemorated the soldiers killed in the battle in his address. 林肯在演说中表扬阵亡将士。 来自辞典例句
• You'll be commemorated for killing a spy, and be specially discharged. 你们每杀一个间谍将会被记录到特殊档案。 来自电影对白

3 compassion   

n.同情，怜悯

参考例句：

• He could not help having compassion for the poor creature.他情不自禁地怜悯起那个可怜的人来。
• Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children.她对于没有母亲的孩子们充满了怜悯心。

4 vegetarianism   

n.素食，素食主义

参考例句：

• More and more people are believing in vegetarianism and diet for health. 而今越来越多的人们相信素食和节食有利于身体健康。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She is an exponent of vegetarianism. 她是一个素食主义的倡导者。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

6 hampered   

妨碍，束缚，限制( hamper的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The search was hampered by appalling weather conditions. 恶劣的天气妨碍了搜寻工作。
• So thought every harassed, hampered, respectable boy in St. Petersburg. 圣彼德堡镇的那些受折磨、受拘束的体面孩子们个个都是这么想的。

7 awakened   

v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到

参考例句：

• She awakened to the sound of birds singing. 她醒来听到鸟的叫声。
• The public has been awakened to the full horror of the situation. 公众完全意识到了这一状况的可怕程度。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 imprisoned   

下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was imprisoned for two concurrent terms of 30 months and 18 months. 他被判处30个月和18个月的监禁，合并执行。
• They were imprisoned for possession of drugs. 他们因拥有毒品而被监禁。

9 assassinated   

v.暗杀( assassinate的过去式和过去分词 )；中伤；诋毁；破坏

参考例句：

• The prime minister was assassinated by extremists. 首相遭极端分子暗杀。
• Then, just two days later, President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. 跟着在两天以后，肯尼迪总统在达拉斯被人暗杀。 来自辞典例句