世界名人简介 第154期: 乌戈·查韦斯

 　　Hugo Chavez served as President of Venezuela from 1998 until 2013.He was very popular in his country and was re-elected twice.His policies focused on helping¹ the poor in his country.He used the nation's oil wealth to fight poverty and illiteracy².He was strongly in favour ofLatin American integration³ and was a fierce opponent of the USA.

　　乌戈·查韦斯从1998年到2013年一直担任委内瑞拉总统。查韦斯在国内非常受欢迎，两次连选连任总统。他的政治主张是帮助国内的穷人。查韦斯用国家石油换来的财富与贫穷和无知作斗争。他强烈支持拉丁美洲一体化，坚决反对美国。

　　Chavez was born in 1954 in a mud hut.Both of his parents were school teachers but his family was very poor.He was sent to live with his grandmother in the big city so he could go to school. When he was 17, he enrolled⁴ at the Venezuelan Academy of Military Sciences.He graduated in 1975 with a degree in Military Arts and Science.Chavez's military career lasted 17 years, during which he held several teaching positions.He was a very passionate⁵ teacher and frequently criticized Venezuela's government.He developed a political belief called "Bolivarianism", which was influenced by the thought of the Venezuelan revolutionary Simon Bolivar, andKarl Marx.This shaped his later ideas about helping the people of Venezuela.In 1992, Chavez attempted a coup⁶ to take control of Caracas.He failed but was elevated as a national hero.In 1998 he won the presidential election with 56% of the votes.He introduced major social reforms and nationalized many industries.He also gave land back to Venezuela's poor and introduced free health care and education.He died from respiratory problems on March 6th, 2013, aged⁷ 58.Chavez remains⁸ a popular figure throughout South America.

　　查韦斯1954年出生在一个小泥屋。父母都是老师，但家里很穷。查韦斯被送到大城市和祖母一起居住，这样他才能上学。查韦斯17岁时进入委内瑞拉军事学院学习。1975年毕业，获得了军事艺术和科学专业的硕士学位。查韦斯的军旅生涯持续了17年，此间几次担任指导员一职。查韦斯是一位非常有激情的老师，经常批判委内瑞拉政府。查韦斯受西蒙·玻利瓦尔革命和马克思主义的影响形成了“玻利瓦尔主义”的政治信仰。“玻利瓦尔主义”塑造了查韦斯后来的思想——解救委内瑞拉人民于水火之中。1992年，查韦斯试图发动政变控制加拉加斯。虽然失败了，仍被视为民族英雄。1998年，查韦斯以56%的选票赢得了总统大选。他实施了重大的政治改革，将许多企业国有化。查韦斯把土地还给了委内瑞拉的穷苦人民，并实施了免费医疗服务和教育。查韦斯2013年8月因呼吸系统的问题病逝，享年58岁。查韦斯仍是南美的名人。

　　1.in favour of 支持

　　例句：He often pamphleteers and lectures in favour of free trade.

　　他经常讲演及写小册子支持自由贸易。

　　2.Latin American integration 拉美一体化

　　例句：Latin American integration process is accelerating and at the same time LatinAmerican countries' cooperation with other regional emerging powers is beingstrengthened.

　　拉美一体化进程正在加速推进，同时，拉美国家与其他地区新兴大国的的合作也在加强。

　　3.Bolivarianism 波利瓦尔主义

　　例句：But his book will provide a valuable corrective to the more fanciful outpourings of Bolivarianism which can be expected in the bicentennial junketing.

　　但他的书却给那些对“波利瓦尔主义”过于异想天开的描述提供了一个修正，这也是这场持续两百年的盛宴中很值得期待的事情。

　　4.take control of 控制

　　例句：While they reside there, they take control of our lives.

　　当它们驻留不去时，我们的生活被控制住了。

1 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

2 illiteracy   

n.文盲

参考例句：

• It is encouraging to read that illiteracy is declining.从读报中了解文盲情况正在好转，这是令人鼓舞的。
• We must do away with illiteracy.我们必须扫除文盲。

3 integration   

n.一体化，联合，结合

参考例句：

• We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
• This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。

4 enrolled   

adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起

参考例句：

• They have been studying hard from the moment they enrolled. 从入学时起，他们就一直努力学习。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He enrolled with an employment agency for a teaching position. 他在职业介绍所登了记以谋求一个教师的职位。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 passionate   

adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的

参考例句：

• He is said to be the most passionate man.据说他是最有激情的人。
• He is very passionate about the project.他对那个项目非常热心。

6 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

7 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

8 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。