英语短文名人故事 哲学思想家 第34期:尼采

 16 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche 弗里德里希·威廉·尼采

Nietzsche's early childhood is itself a story of writing, reading, illness and isolation¹.  尼采有一个被写作、阅读、疾病与孤独充斥的童年。

He was sent to the local school but then gained a place at the elite² academy of Pforta in 1858.  他被送入本地的学校，而在1858年获得了在普福塔精英学院学习的机会。

By 1862，we find the young Nietzsche already recording³ his doubts about the religious faith that dominated his home background.  到了1862年，我们发现年轻的尼采已经对统治其生活环境的宗教信仰产生了怀疑。

He was turning even then to ideas of evolution, and already had begun to speculate on the human condition: "...we scarcely even know whether humanity itself is only a step."  他甚至在那时就已经开始关注进化论思想，并思考人类的生存状态，"我们几乎不知道人类本身是否只是一个阶段。"

Jaspers remarks that "Nietzsche philosophises as a boy." 雅斯帕斯评论道，"尼采像一个孩子一样进行哲思。"

Nietzsche was certainly an intense boy, often lonely and absorbed by ideas.  毫无疑问，尼采是一个感情强烈的孩子，他经常是孤单的，而且沉迷于各种各样的想法。

In 1863，we find him already struggling to convey the mass of his thoughts on paper: "I stare for a long time at the white paper in front of me, troubled by the confused crowd of themes."  我们发现早在1863年他就努力把自己的思想记录下来："我长时间地盯着眼前的白纸，众多的观点集结于此，困扰着我。"

This sense of "abundance" is one of the experiences given to the character Zarathustra. 这个"丰富"的意识，后来被加在了查拉图斯特拉的性格上。

In 1865, Nietzsche went to Leipzig as a student, where he shifted to the study of classical philology⁴, the ancient languages and their origins.  1865年，尼采游学莱比锡，并转而攻读经典语言学，学习古代语言以及它们的来源。

Already he saw his own future in learning and teaching: "My goal is to become a truly practical teacher..." 他把自己的未来生活确定为学习与教书："我的目标是成为一名真正的教师…"

Nietzsche was searching for fellow spirits and in 1865 he discovered in a bookshop the major work of Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation.  尼采一直在找寻灵魂上的同伴。1865年他在书店里找到了叔本华的《作为意识与表象的世界》。

For the student Nietzsche, this book by his older contemporary was a mirror of his own thoughts and struggles.  对于还是一名学生的尼采来说，这部由一个年龄稍长于他的同时代人所写的作品，正是一面他自己的思维及其斗争的镜子。

Throughout his life, Nietzsche needed heroes of thought, models for his own quest. 尼采一生都在探索和寻求，期待着思想的伟人和典范。

In 1867, he enrolled⁵ in the army, but he still kept on learning.  1867年，尼采应征入伍，但仍然坚持学习。

Now Nietzsche was acquiring other heroes, such as the ancient Greek thinker Democritus.  此时的尼采结识到其他一些伟人的思想，例如古希腊思想家德摸克利特。

In 1868, Nietzsche was reading and writing about the late eighteenth-century German authority Kant.  1868年，尼采阅读并写了一部关于18世纪晚期德国权威思想家康德的作品。

In the same year, he met the composer Richard Wagner whom he described as "a fabulously⁶ vivacious⁷, fiery⁸ man" .  同一年，尼采遇见了作曲家理查德·瓦格纳，并将他描述为"一个惊人地乐观与热烈的人"。

In 1871, Nietzsche started work on what became his first book, The Birth of Tragedy. 1871年，尼采开始写作他的第一部作品《悲剧的诞生》。

In January 1883, Nietzsche wrote Book I of TSZ in 10 days.  1883年1月，尼采在十天内完成了《如是说》的第一部。

The period after that was a time of intense productiveness. He died in Aug. 24, 1900. 此后，是尼采极为多产的时期。尼采卒于1900年8月24日。

1 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

2 elite   

n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的

参考例句：

• The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
• We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。

3 recording   

n.录音，记录

参考例句：

• How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？
• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

4 philology   

n.语言学；语文学

参考例句：

• Philology would never be of much use to you.语文学对你不会有很大用途。
• In west,the philology is attached to the linguistics.在西方，文语文学则附属于语言学。

5 enrolled   

adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起

参考例句：

• They have been studying hard from the moment they enrolled. 从入学时起，他们就一直努力学习。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He enrolled with an employment agency for a teaching position. 他在职业介绍所登了记以谋求一个教师的职位。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 fabulously   

难以置信地，惊人地

参考例句：

• The couple are said to be fabulously wealthy. 据说这对夫妇家财万贯。
• I should say this shirt matches your trousers fabulously. 我得说这衬衫同你的裤子非常相配。

7 vivacious   

adj.活泼的，快活的

参考例句：

• She is an artless,vivacious girl.她是一个天真活泼的女孩。
• The picture has a vivacious artistic conception.这幅画气韵生动。

8 fiery   

adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的

参考例句：

• She has fiery red hair.她有一头火红的头发。
• His fiery speech agitated the crowd.他热情洋溢的讲话激动了群众。