Step by Step 3000 第2册 Unit2:Shaping and Reshaping Personality(4)

 　　Part 4. Short talks on listening skills.

　　Listen to the short talk entitled "Represent the ideas clear and clean——outlining".

　　Some important words are taken away from the written passage. Supply the missing words.

　　Represent the ideas clear and clean ——outlining.

　　Outlining is a method of classifying and organizing ideas.

　　It is a skill very useful to languge learners when they are taking lecture notes, reading or writing a paper.

　　In listening, the skill of outlining reflects, to a certain extent, the listener's ability in understanding how the facts or ideas or the scattered¹ pieces of information are related to one another.

　　People generally uses a system of Roman numerals, Arabic numbers and letters to show relationships.

　　There is a kind of standard form for using these symbols to show which ideas are most important.

　　The symbols used, in order of decreasing importance, are Roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numbers, small letters and numbers in parentheses².

　　The placement of the topics on paper is also important.

　　The most important items are entered farther to the left, lesser³ items are entered farther and farther to the right.

　　Headings of equal importance are indented⁴ the same distance from the left margin⁵.

　　The purpose of this indentation is to make each idea easy to see, and also to show just how it is related to the ideas before and after it.

　　No punctuation⁶ is needed at the end of an idea unless it's written as a complete sentence.

　　Outlining , as a fairly comprehensive and effective method in language learning, certainly deserves our attention and practice, particularly for advanced listeners.

1 scattered   

adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的

参考例句：

• Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来，塞进文件夹里。

2 parentheses   

n.圆括号，插入语，插曲（ parenthesis的名词复数 ）

参考例句：

• Irregular forms are given in parentheses . 不规则形式标注在括号内。
• Answer these questions, using the words in parentheses. Put the apostrophe in the right place. 用句后括号中的词或词组来回答问题，注意撇号的位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 lesser   

adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地

参考例句：

• Kept some of the lesser players out.不让那些次要的球员参加联赛。
• She has also been affected,but to a lesser degree.她也受到波及，但程度较轻。

4 indented   

adj.锯齿状的，高低不平的；缩进排版

参考例句：

• His voyage was down Chile's indented coastline.他的航行沿智利参差曲折的海岸线行进。
• Each paragraph of the body is usually indented five blocks.正文每段开始，一般缩进五个英文字母。

5 margin   

n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘

参考例句：

• We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。

6 punctuation   

n.标点符号，标点法

参考例句：

• My son's punctuation is terrible.我儿子的标点符号很糟糕。
• A piece of writing without any punctuation is difficult to understand.一篇没有任何标点符号的文章是很难懂的。