Step by Step 3000 第1册 Unit6:The Glory of Sport(2)

 　　Part 2. The Sporting Spirit.

　　A. Keywords. neighbors, football match, fans, trouble, large crowds,

　　Vocabulary. affectionate, aggressive, knock out, smash, monster, terrace, rugby, Wimbledon.

　　Here are three short extracts from a conversation between a group of friends.

　　They are talking about football supporters.

　　Listen carefully and answer the following questions.

　　I. I have neighbors who, who are very nice, friendly, warm, affectionate people.

　　And I live near a football ground, Tottenham, and on Saturday, I avoid them.

　　Because they come back from the match about 6 o'clock, 7 o'clock, drunk, aggressive, they scream, they shout.

　　And after the World Cup Fi-, after the World Cup when England got knocked out, I was in my local pub, and they came in and they started pushing people around and smashing glasses, and I was really frightened, and I walked out.

　　And I don't understand, I really don't understand, what it is about a football match that can turn ordinary, friendly people into monsters.

　　2. But do you think that's so of a lot of football fans?

　　I mean, I've heard other people say they've gone to football matches and there's been absolutely no trouble in the terraces at all, and people have been sat there, you know, quite happily, opposing teams next to each other.

　　Oh, but it obviously does happen a lot, I mean, you see it on the news.

　　What happens when British fans go to Europe?

　　That's always trouble, isn't there?

　　Well, but it's, it's not....it's... In Brazil, for example, and where I also been to football matches, people go to enjoy themselves, and there is no aggression¹ or violence, or there's nothing like that.

　　It seems particularly, It seems particular to England and a few other countries that football provides people with the opportunity to show their most violent, aggressive natures.

　　3. But Perhaps it's just a function of people getting together in crowds, large groups of people getting into enclosed spaces together.

　　But large crowds go to other kinds of matches, go to rugby matches, go to Wimbledon to watch tennis. Go to pop concerts...

　　They get to Wimbledon to watch tennis, they sit there silently throughout.

　　Yes, it's interesting that one of the solutions that the police have think might work is to have all seater matches, for example, where everybody is seated.

　　B. Keywords. sport, goodwill², competitive, win, mimic³, warfare⁴,attitude.

　　Vocabulary. cricket, inclination⁵, orgy, deduce, utmost, patriotism⁶, disgrace,

　　combative⁷, instinct, mimic, warfare, spectator, absurd, at any rate, virtue⁸.

　　The following passage you're going to hear is from "The Sporting Spirit" written by George Orwell.

　　Now listen and enjoy. Supply the missing words.

　　I'm always amazed when I hear people say that sport creates goodwill between the nations.

　　And that if only the common people of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.

　　Even if one didn't know from concrete examples, the 1936 Olympic games for an instance, the international sporting contest led to orgies of hatred⁹, one could deduce it from general principles.

　　Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive.

　　You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.

　　On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it's possible to play simply for the fun and exercises.

　　But as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage¹⁰, combative instincts are aroused.

　　Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.

　　At the international level, sport is frankly¹¹ mimic warfare.

　　But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players, but the attitudes of spectators.

　　And behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe, at any rate for short periods, that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

1 aggression   

n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害

参考例句：

• So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结，就不必惧怕外来侵略。
• Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。

2 goodwill   

n.善意，亲善，信誉，声誉

参考例句：

• His heart is full of goodwill to all men.他心里对所有人都充满着爱心。
• We paid ￡10,000 for the shop,and ￡2000 for its goodwill.我们用一万英镑买下了这家商店，两千英镑买下了它的信誉。

3 mimic   

v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人

参考例句：

• A parrot can mimic a person's voice.鹦鹉能学人的声音。
• He used to mimic speech peculiarities of another.他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。

4 warfare   

n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突

参考例句：

• He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
• Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。

5 inclination   

n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好

参考例句：

• She greeted us with a slight inclination of the head.她微微点头向我们致意。
• I did not feel the slightest inclination to hurry.我没有丝毫着急的意思。

6 patriotism   

n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义

参考例句：

• His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
• They obtained money under the false pretenses of patriotism.他们以虚伪的爱国主义为借口获得金钱。

7 combative   

adj.好战的；好斗的

参考例句：

• Mr. Obama has recently adopted a more combative tone.奥巴马总统近来采取了一种更有战斗性的语调。
• She believes that women are at least as combative as are.她相信女性至少和男性一样好斗。

8 virtue   

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

参考例句：

• He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
• You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

9 hatred   

n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨

参考例句：

• He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。

10 savage   

adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人

参考例句：

• The poor man received a savage beating from the thugs.那可怜的人遭到暴徒的痛打。
• He has a savage temper.他脾气粗暴。

11 frankly   

adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说

参考例句：

• To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说，我一点也不赞成这个主意。
• Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。