有声读物《孙子兵法》第43期:第七章 军争(5)

 　　军争篇 NO.5：

　　三军可夺气，将军可夺心。

　　是故朝气锐，昼气惰，暮气归。

　　善用兵者，避其锐气，击其惰归，此治气者也。

　　以治待乱，以静待哗，此治心者也。

　　以近待远，以佚待劳，以饱待饥，此治力者也。

　　无邀正正之旗，无击堂堂之阵，此治变者也。

　　这句啥意思：

　　对于敌方三军，可以挫伤其锐气，可使丧失其士气，对于敌方的将帅，可以动摇他的决心，可使其丧失斗志。

　　所以，敌人早朝初至，其气必盛；陈兵至中午，则人力困倦而气亦怠惰；待至日暮，人心思归，其气益衰。

　　善于用兵的人，敌之气锐则避之，趁其士气衰竭时才发起猛攻。这就是正确运用士气的原则。

　　用治理严整的我军来对付军政混乱的敌军，用我镇定平稳的军心来对付军心躁动的敌人。这是掌握并运用军心的方法。

　　以我就近进入战场而待长途奔袭之敌；以我从容稳定对仓促疲劳之敌；以我饱食之师对饥饿之敌。这是懂得并利用治己之力以困敌人之力。

　　不要去迎击旗帜整齐、部伍统一的军队，不要去攻击阵容整肃、士气饱满的军队，这是懂得战场上的随机应变。

　　英文这么说：

　　A whole army may be robbed of its spirit;a commander-in-chief may be robbed of his presence of mind.

　　Now a soldier's spirit is keenest in the morning;by noonday it has begun to flag; and in the evening,his mind is bent¹ only on returning to camp.

　　A clever general, therefore, avoids an army when its spirit is keen, but attacks it when it is sluggish² and inclined to return. This is the art of studying moods.

　　Disciplined and calm, to await the appearance of disorder³ and hubbub⁴ amongst the enemy:--this is the art of retaining self-possession.

　　To be near the goal while the enemy is still far from it, to wait at ease while the enemy is toiling⁵ and struggling, to be well-fed while the enemy is famished:--this is the art of husbanding one's strength.

　　To refrain from intercepting⁶ an enemy whose banners are in perfect order, to refrain from attacking an army drawn⁷ up in calm and confident array:--this is the art of studying circumstances.

　　成语故事

　　公元前684年，齐国恃强凌弱攻打鲁国，鲁庄公率军在长勺迎敌，两军相遇，齐军擂起战鼓，鲁军在曹刿的带领下为避其锐气没有擂鼓。齐军第三次擂鼓时士气已经低落，鲁军才第一次擂鼓。鲁军靠的就是一鼓作气的士气以少胜多打败齐军。--《避其锐气，击其惰归》

1 bent   

n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的

参考例句：

• He was fully bent upon the project.他一心扑在这项计划上。
• We bent over backward to help them.我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。

2 sluggish   

adj.懒惰的，迟钝的，无精打采的

参考例句：

• This humid heat makes you feel rather sluggish.这种湿热的天气使人感到懒洋洋的。
• Circulation is much more sluggish in the feet than in the hands.脚部的循环比手部的循环缓慢得多。

3 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

4 hubbub   

n.嘈杂；骚乱

参考例句：

• The hubbub of voices drowned out the host's voice.嘈杂的声音淹没了主人的声音。
• He concentrated on the work in hand,and the hubbub outside the room simply flowed over him.他埋头于手头的工作，室外的吵闹声他简直象没有听见一般。

5 toiling   

长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的现在分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉

参考例句：

• The fiery orator contrasted the idle rich with the toiling working classes. 这位激昂的演说家把无所事事的富人同终日辛劳的工人阶级进行了对比。
• She felt like a beetle toiling in the dust. She was filled with repulsion. 她觉得自己像只甲虫在地里挣扎，心中涌满愤恨。

6 intercepting   

截取（技术），截接

参考例句：

• The police had been intercepting my mail, ie reading it before it was delivered. 警方一直截查我的邮件。
• We've been intercepting radio transmissions from Moscow. 我们已从莫斯科拦截到无线电信号。

7 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。