有声读物《孙子兵法》第57期:第十章 地形(1)

 　　地形篇 NO.1：

　　孙子曰： 地形有通者、有挂者、有支者、有隘者、有险者、有远者。

　　我可以往，彼可以来，曰通。

　　通形者，先居高阳，利粮道，以战则利。

　　可以往，难以返，曰挂。

　　挂形者，敌无备，出而胜之，

　　敌若有备，出而不胜，难以返，不利。

　　我出而不利，彼出而不利，曰支。

　　支形者，敌虽利我，我无出也，引而去之，令敌半出而击之利。

　　隘形者，我先居之，必盈之以待敌。

　　若敌先居之，盈而勿从，不盈而从之。

　　险形者，我先居之，必居高阳以待敌；若敌先居之，引而去之，勿从也。

　　远形者，势均难以挑战，战而不利。

　　凡此六者，地之道也，将之至任，不可不察也。

　　这句啥意思：

　　孙子说：地形有“通”、“挂”、“支”、“隘”、“险”、“远”等六种。

　　凡是我们可以去，敌人也可以来的地域，叫做“通”；

　　在“通”形地域上，应抢先占开阔向阳的高地，保持粮道畅通，这样作战就有利。

　　凡是可以前进，难以返回的地域，称作“挂”；

　　在挂形的地域上，假如敌人没有防备，我们就能突击取胜。

　　假如敌人有防备，出击又不能取胜，而且难以回师，这就不利了。

　　凡是我军出击不利，敌人出击不利的地域叫做“支”。

　　在“支”形地域上，敌人虽然以利相诱，我们也不要出击，而应该率军假装退却，诱使敌人出击一半时再回师反击，这样就有利。

　　在“隘”形地域上，我们应该抢先占领，并用重兵封锁隘口，以等待敌人的到来；

　　如果敌人已先占据了隘口，并用重兵把守，我们就不要去进攻；如果敌人没有用重兵据守隘口，那么就可以进攻。

　　在“险”形地域上，如果我军先敌占领，就必须控制开阔向阳的高地，以等待敌人来犯；如果敌人先我占领，就应该率军撤离，不要去攻打它。

　　在“远”形地域上，敌我双方地势均同，就不宜去挑战，勉强求战，很是不利。

　　以上六点，是利用地形的原则。这是将帅的重大责任所在，不可不认真考察研究。

　　英文这么说：

　　Sun Tzu said: We may distinguish six kinds of terrain,to wit: (1) Accessible ground; (2) entangling¹ ground;(3) temporizing² ground; (4) narrow passes; (5) precipitous heights; (6) positions at a great distance from the enemy.

　　Ground which can be freely traversed by both sides is called accessible.

　　With regard to ground of this nature, be before the enemy in occupying the raised and sunny spots,and carefully guard your line of supplies. Then you will be able to fight with advantage.

　　Ground which can be abandoned but is hard to re-occupy is called entangling.

　　From a position of this sort, if the enemy is unprepared, you may sally forth⁴ and defeat him.But if the enemy is prepared for your coming, and you fail to defeat him, then, return being impossible,disaster will ensue.

　　When the position is such that neither side will gain by making the first move, it is called temporizing ground.

　　In a position of this sort, even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait, it will be advisable not to stir forth, but rather to retreat, thus enticing⁵ the enemy in his turn; then, when part of his army has come out, we may deliver our attack with advantage.

　　With regard to narrow passes, if you can occupy them first, let them be strongly garrisoned⁶ and await the advent⁷ of the enemy.

　　Should the army forestall⁸ you in occupying a pass,do not go after him if the pass is fully³ garrisoned,but only if it is weakly garrisoned.

　　With regard to precipitous heights, if you are beforehand with your adversary⁹, you should occupy the raised and sunny spots, and there wait for him to come up.

　　If the enemy has occupied them before you,do not follow him, but retreat and try to entice¹⁰ him away.

　　If you are situated¹¹ at a great distance from the enemy, and the strength of the two armies is equal,it is not easy to provoke a battle, and fighting will be to your disadvantage.

　　These six are the principles connected with Earth.The general who has attained¹² a responsible post must be careful to study them.

　　什么叫做地形？

　　地形就是地表的自然形态。不过，这儿讲的“地形”，不是泛论一般地形，而是专论战地的形势。可是，战地的形势，又随地而异，有的就利于作战，有的就不利于作战。所以，要想利用地形，辅助作战，一定先要明了战地的形势，以便开进、展开、攻击、防御时，借以立胜。孙子继《行军篇》后，又提出《地形》问题，集中讨论地形、天时、敌情、军心及将才等，在军事上的交互作用。“地形篇第十”用今语译出，就是——论地形与军事行动的关系。

1 entangling   

v.使某人（某物/自己）缠绕，纠缠于（某物中），使某人（自己）陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）( entangle的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• We increasingly want an end to entangling alliances. 我们越来越想终止那些纠缠不清的盟约。 来自辞典例句
• What a thing it was to have her love him, even if it be entangling! 得到她的爱是件多么美妙的事，即使为此陷入纠葛中去也值得！ 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

2 temporizing   

v.敷衍( temporize的现在分词 )；拖延；顺应时势；暂时同意

参考例句：

• He is always temporizing and is disliked by his classmates. 他总是见风使舵，因而不受同学喜欢。 来自互联网

3 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

4 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

5 enticing   

adj.迷人的；诱人的

参考例句：

• The offer was too enticing to refuse. 这提议太有诱惑力，使人难以拒绝。
• Her neck was short but rounded and her arms plump and enticing. 她的脖子短，但浑圆可爱；两臂丰腴，也很动人。

6 garrisoned   

卫戍部队守备( garrison的过去式和过去分词 )； 派部队驻防

参考例句：

• The town was garrisoned with two regiments. 该镇有两团士兵驻守。
• A hundred soldiers were garrisoned in the town. 派了一百名士兵在城里驻防。

7 advent   

n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临

参考例句：

• Swallows come by groups at the advent of spring. 春天来临时燕子成群飞来。
• The advent of the Euro will redefine Europe.欧元的出现将重新定义欧洲。

8 forestall   

vt.抢在…之前采取行动；预先阻止

参考例句：

• I left the room to forestall involvements.我抢先离开了这房间以免受牵累。
• He followed this rule in order to forestall rumors.他遵守这条规矩是为了杜绝流言蜚语。

9 adversary   

adj.敌手，对手

参考例句：

• He saw her as his main adversary within the company.他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
• They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。

10 entice   

v.诱骗，引诱，怂恿

参考例句：

• Nothing will entice the children from television.没有任何东西能把孩子们从电视机前诱开。
• I don't see why the English should want to entice us away from our native land.我不明白，为什英国人要引诱我们离开自己的国土。

11 situated   

adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的

参考例句：

• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。
• She is awkwardly situated.她的处境困难。

12 attained   

（通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况）

参考例句：

• She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
• Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。