Supermassive Black Holes 超大质量黑洞 - 2

But we are just one in 125 billion galaxies¹ of different shapes and sizes spinning through space. Yet scientists haven't been able to explain how a single one of these galaxies was created.

Galaxy² formation is a very complicated process, we think, it involves gravity and it involves large balls of gas colliding, it involves the dynamics³ of stars and it involves the chemistry of the gas coming together.

All we know is that when the universe was young, there were no stars or planets, just great swirling⁴ clouds of hydrogen gas. The mystery is how each of these clouds turned into the complex galaxies of stars we see today.

We just don't know how they do it, how galaxies formed out of the, the ionized hot gas that('s) filled the universe is still physics that we do not really understand yet.

Exactly how galaxies were created has troubled the world's leading astronomers⁵ and physicists⁶ for decades. But in March 2000, scientists found evidence for an extraordinary answer.

The Nuker team is a group of world respected astronomers, but they are not galaxy experts. They are experts in the most violent and destructive forces known to science---supermassive black holes. Until recently, supermassive black holes were mere⁷ theory. These are giant black holes of apocalyptic⁸ proportion.

Supermassive black holes are a million to a billion times the mass of, of a, of a typical black hole.

They could fill a whole solar system.

ionization: Process by which electrically neutral atoms or molecules⁹ are converted to electrically charged atoms or molecules (ions) by the removal or addition of negatively charged electrons.

The Nuker Team was organized in 1985 to use Hubble Space Telescope high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy to investigate the central structure and dynamics of normal galaxies

1 galaxies   

星系( galaxy的名词复数 )； 银河系； 一群（杰出或著名的人物）

参考例句：

• Quasars are the highly energetic cores of distant galaxies. 类星体是遥远星系的极为活跃的核心体。
• We still don't know how many galaxies there are in the universe. 我们还不知道宇宙中有多少个星系。

2 galaxy   

n.星系；银河系；一群(杰出或著名的人物)

参考例句：

• The earth is one of the planets in the Galaxy.地球是银河系中的星球之一。
• The company has a galaxy of talent.该公司拥有一批优秀的人才。

3 dynamics   

n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态

参考例句：

• In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
• Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。

4 swirling   

v.旋转，打旋( swirl的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Snowflakes were swirling in the air. 天空飘洒着雪花。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• She smiled, swirling the wine in her glass. 她微笑着，旋动着杯子里的葡萄酒。 来自辞典例句

5 astronomers   

n.天文学者，天文学家( astronomer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Astronomers can accurately foretell the date,time,and length of future eclipses. 天文学家能精确地预告未来日食月食的日期、时刻和时长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Astronomers used to ask why only Saturn has rings. 天文学家们过去一直感到奇怪，为什么只有土星有光环。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 physicists   

物理学家( physicist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• For many particle physicists, however, it was a year of frustration. 对于许多粒子物理学家来说，这是受挫折的一年。 来自英汉非文学 - 科技
• Physicists seek rules or patterns to provide a framework. 物理学家寻求用法则或图式来构成一个框架。

7 mere   

adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

参考例句：

• That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
• It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

8 apocalyptic   

adj.预示灾祸的，启示的

参考例句：

• The air is chill and stagnant,the language apocalyptic.空气寒冷而污浊，语言则是《启示录》式的。
• Parts of the ocean there look just absolutely apocalyptic.海洋的很多区域看上去完全像是世界末日。

9 molecules   

分子( molecule的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
• Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。