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UNIT 5 1. The Temple of Zeus
In his right hand a figure of Victory made from ivory and gold.In his left hand, his scepter inlaid with all metals, and an eagle perched on the sceptre.The sandals of the god are made of gold, as is his robe. Pausanias the Greek (2nd century AD)
This is the statue of the god in whose honor the Ancient Olympic games were held.It was located on the land that gave its very name to the Olympics.At the time of the games, wars stopped, and athletes came from Asia Minor1, Syria, Egypt, and Sicily to celebrate the Olympics and to worship their king of gods: Zeus.
Location
At the ancient town of Olympia, on the west coast of modern Greece, about 150 km west of Athens.
History
The ancient Greek calendar starts in 776 BC, for the Olympic games are believed to have started that year.The magnificent temple of Zeus was designed by the architect Libon and was built around 450 BC.Under the growing power of ancient Greece, the simple Doric-style temple seemed too mundane2, and modifications3 were needed.The solution: A majestic4 statue.The Athenian sculptor5 Pheidias
was assigned for the "sacred" task, reminiscent of Michelangelo's
paintings at the Sistine Chapel6.
For the years that followed, the temple attracted visitors and worshippers from all over the world.In the second century BC repairs were skillfully made to the aging statue.In the first century AD, the Roman emperor Caligula attempted to transport the statue to Rome.However, his attempt failed when the scaffolding built by Caligula's workmen collapsed7.After the Olympic games were banned in AD 391 by the emperor Theodosius I as Pagan practices, the temple of Zeus was ordered closed.
Olympia was further struck by earthquakes, landslides8 and floods, and the temple was damaged by fire in the fifth century AD.Earlier, the statue had been transported by wealthy Greeks to a palace in Constantinople.There, it survived until it was destroyed by a severe fire in AD 462.Today nothing remains9 at the site of the old temple except rocks and debris10, the foundation of the buildings, and fallen columns.
1 minor | |
adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修 | |
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2 mundane | |
adj.平凡的;尘世的;宇宙的 | |
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3 modifications | |
n.缓和( modification的名词复数 );限制;更改;改变 | |
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4 majestic | |
adj.雄伟的,壮丽的,庄严的,威严的,崇高的 | |
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5 sculptor | |
n.雕刻家,雕刻家 | |
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6 chapel | |
n.小教堂,殡仪馆 | |
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7 collapsed | |
adj.倒塌的 | |
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8 landslides | |
山崩( landslide的名词复数 ); (山坡、悬崖等的)崩塌; 滑坡; (竞选中)一方选票占压倒性多数 | |
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9 remains | |
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹 | |
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10 debris | |
n.瓦砾堆,废墟,碎片 | |
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