听美文故事记6级单词05-06

6.King Maosolos

"I have lying, over me in Halicarnassus, a gigantic monument such as no other dead person has,adorned in the finest way with statues of horses and men carved most realistically from the best quality marble.King Maussollos in Lucian[2] 's "Dialogues of the Dead"

Location In the city of Bodrum (Halicarnassus) on the Aegean Sea, in south-west Turkey.

History When the Persians expanded their ancient kingdom to include Mesopotamia, Northern India, Syria, Egypt, and Asia Minor¹,the king could not control his vast empire without the help of local governors or rulers-- the Satraps.Like many other provinces, the kingdom of Caria in the western part of Asia Minor (Turkey) was so far from the Persian capital that it was practically autonomous².From 377 to 353 BC, king Mausollos of Caria reigned³ and moved his capital to Halicarnassus.

Nothing is exciting about Maussollos life except the construction of his tomb.The project was conceived by his wife Artemisia, and the construction might have started during the king's lifetime.The Mausoleum was completed around 350 BC, three years after Maussollos's death, and one year after Artemisia's.

For 16 centuries, the Mausoleum remained in good condition until an earthquake caused some damage to the roof and colonnade⁴.In the early fifteenth century, the Knights⁵ of St John of Malta invaded the region and built a massive crusader castle.When they decided⁶ to fortify⁷ it in 1494, they used the stones of the Mausoleum.By 1522, almost every block of the Mausoleum had been disassembled and used for construction.

Today, the massive castle still stands in Bodrum,and the polished stone and marble blocks of the Mausoleum can be spotted⁸ within the walls of the structure.Some of the sculptures survived and are today on display at the British Museum in London.These include fragment of statues and many slabs⁹ of the frieze¹⁰ showing the battle between the Greeks and the Amazons. At the site of the Mausoleum itself, only the foundation remains¹¹ of the once magnificent Wonder.

注释：

1．Maussollos：摩索拉斯，加里亚王国国王。加里亚王国位于小亚细亚西南部，都城是哈里卡纳苏斯。摩索拉斯于公元前353年死去，其妻接过政权，为了纪念他，就按照丈夫生前拟就的陵墓图样，修建摩索拉斯陵墓。陵墓总体似神殿，上部为金字塔形，顶上有大理石雕塑，由建筑师彼提阿斯设计建成。由于这座陵墓被西方传诵为古代陵墓的奇迹，故现在西语中的“陵墓”一词，也以Mausoleum为词源了。

2．Lucian：卢西安（？120~？180）希腊作家、修辞学家。曾游历希腊、意大利与高卢等地，闻名于罗马文坛。后定居雅典。主要著作有《神的对话》与《冥间的对话》等，对当时盛行的迷信和宗教狂热以及某些人生前的虚荣作了讽刺和揭露。

1 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

2 autonomous   

adj.自治的；独立的

参考例句：

• They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
• This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。

3 reigned   

vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式）

参考例句：

• Silence reigned in the hall. 全场肃静。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Night was deep and dead silence reigned everywhere. 夜深人静，一片死寂。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

4 colonnade   

n.柱廊

参考例句：

• This colonnade will take you out of the palace and the game.这条柱廊将带你离开宫殿和游戏。
• The terrace was embraced by the two arms of the colonnade.平台由两排柱廊环抱。

5 knights   

骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马

参考例句：

• stories of knights and fair maidens 关于骑士和美女的故事
• He wove a fascinating tale of knights in shining armour. 他编了一个穿着明亮盔甲的骑士的迷人故事。

6 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

7 fortify   

v.强化防御，为…设防；加强，强化

参考例句：

• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。
• This treaty forbade the United States to fortify the canal.此条约禁止美国对运河设防。

8 spotted   

adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的

参考例句：

• The milkman selected the spotted cows,from among a herd of two hundred.牛奶商从一群200头牛中选出有斑点的牛。
• Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.山姆的商店屯积了有斑点的短袜。

9 slabs   

n.厚板，平板，厚片( slab的名词复数 )；厚胶片

参考例句：

• The patio was made of stone slabs. 这天井是用石板铺砌而成的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The slabs of standing stone point roughly toward the invisible notch. 这些矗立的石块，大致指向那个看不见的缺口。 来自辞典例句

10 frieze   

n.(墙上的)横饰带，雕带

参考例句：

• The Corinthian painter's primary ornamental device was the animal frieze.科林斯画家最初的装饰图案是动物形象的装饰带。
• A careful reconstruction of the frieze is a persuasive reason for visiting Liverpool. 这次能让游客走访利物浦展览会，其中一个具有说服力的原因则是壁画得到了精心的重建。

11 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。