万花筒 Kaleidoscope2007-10-30&11-01, 护士说了算

Underpaid and overworked, that's how our nurses are often viewed. New guidelines though could see them taking on a role, previously¹ only given to consultants² and GPs, deciding whether or not to use CPR. The guidelines put together by the British Medical Association, the Royal College of Nursing and the Resuscitation³ Council are not a government law. Each local authority will be responsible for implementing⁴ the guidelines themselves.Patients rights charity, the Patients Association say they have concerns.
"Does it mean another postcode lottery⁵ in relation to health? We've got enough of those already, frankly⁶. And then nurse is being able to make decisions normally made by consultants who are described as suitably experienced nurses. I don't know what that means."
"Locally health care services should be deciding who are their suitably experienced nurses. And that will almost certainly mean people like nurse consultants.But that they will need to actually set up the definition of how you decide that somebody is experienced, is suitable to make this type of decision."
The BMA says nurses are generally closer to severely⁷ ill patients than doctors and are thought to tend to know more about the personality of the patients and their attitude towards death.But is it enough?
For most of us, our experience of CPR is taken from hospital television dramas, of which there are many. patients are often resuscitated⁸ and sent on their way. But real life is somewhat different. The outcomes are extremely variable. The survival rate after a cardiorespiratory arrest in CPR is in actual fact relatively⁹ low. In hospitals,the chances are at best about 15-20%. Outside hospital it's lower still, just 5-10%.Critics argue that patients need properly qualified¹⁰ consultants and GPs to make such a decision which is literally¹¹ one of life or death.

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Cardiorespiratory arrest is cessation of cardiac and respiratory function. In practice, the term is also applied¹² to acute severe cardiorespiratory dysfunction.
GP General Practitioner (family doctor)
CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
BMA British Medical Association

1 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

2 consultants   

顾问( consultant的名词复数 )； 高级顾问医生，会诊医生

参考例句：

• a firm of management consultants 管理咨询公司
• There're many consultants in hospital. 医院里有很多会诊医生。

3 resuscitation   

n.复活

参考例句：

• Despite attempts at resuscitation,Mr Lynch died a week later in hospital.虽经全力抢救，但林奇先生一周以后还是在医院去世了。
• We gave him mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and heart massage.我们对他进行了口对口复苏救治和心脏按摩。

4 implementing   

v.实现( implement的现在分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• -- Implementing a comprehensive drug control strategy. ――实行综合治理的禁毒战略。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• He was in no hurry about implementing his unshakable principle. 他并不急于实行他那不可动摇的原则。 来自辞典例句

5 lottery   

n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事

参考例句：

• He won no less than ￡5000 in the lottery.他居然中了5000英镑的奖券。
• They thought themselves lucky in the lottery of life.他们认为自己是变幻莫测的人生中的幸运者。

6 frankly   

adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说

参考例句：

• To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说，我一点也不赞成这个主意。
• Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。

7 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

8 resuscitated   

v.使（某人或某物）恢复知觉，苏醒( resuscitate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The doctor resuscitated the man who was overcome by gas. 医生救活了那个煤气中毒的人。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• She had been literally rejuvenated, resuscitated, brought back from the lip of the grave. 她确确实实返老还童了，恢复了精力，被从坟墓的进口处拉了回来。 来自辞典例句

9 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

10 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

11 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

12 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。