Who Was Leonardo da Vinci 达·芬奇 CARTOONS OF THE 1500s

MODERN CARTOONS, WHICH ARE CREATED AS HUMOROUS COMIC STRIPS IN NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES, ARE NOT THE SAME THING AS RENAISSANCE¹ CARTOONS. A CARTOON WAS A DRAWING, ONE OF THE STEPS IN MAKING A FRESCO². THE ARTIST WOULD DRAW EVERYTHING TO SIZE, JUST AS IT WOULD APPEAR ON THE WALL. THE CARTOON WOULD BE FIXED³ TO THE WALL. THEN SMALL HOLES WERE PUNCHED ALL ALONG THE LINES OF THE DRAWING. AFTER THAT, THE ARTIST WOULD GO OVER THE LINES WITH CHARCOAL⁴. WHEN THE CARTOON WAS TAKEN OFF THE WALL, AN OUTLINE IN CHARCOAL REMAINED. NOW THE ARTIST WAS READY TO START ON THE FULL-COLOR PAINTING. THE CARTOONS OF LEONARDO’S THAT STILL EXIST ARE BEAUTIFUL WORKS OF ART THEMSELVES. THE CARTOON FOR THE BATTLE SCENE WAS KEPT BY THE CITY OF FLORENCE. OFFICIALS FELT IT WAS OWED TO THEM AFTER LEONARDO RUINED THE WALL. TODAY IT IS IN A MUSEUM.

1 renaissance   

n.复活，复兴，文艺复兴

参考例句：

• The Renaissance was an epoch of unparalleled cultural achievement.文艺复兴是一个文化上取得空前成就的时代。
• The theme of the conference is renaissance Europe.大会的主题是文艺复兴时期的欧洲。

2 fresco   

n.壁画；vt.作壁画于

参考例句：

• This huge fresco is extremely clear and just like nature itself.It is very harmonious.这一巨幅壁画，清晰有致且又浑然天成，十分和谐。
• So it is quite necessary to study the influence of visual thinking over fresco.因此，研究视觉思维对壁画的影响和作用是十分必要的。

3 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

4 charcoal   

n.炭，木炭，生物炭

参考例句：

• We need to get some more charcoal for the barbecue.我们烧烤需要更多的碳。
• Charcoal is used to filter water.木炭是用来过滤水的。