名人认知系列 文人骚客15：Fyodor Dostoyevsky 费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基

Fyodor Dostoyevsky

费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基

Dostoyevsky was born in 1821 in Moscow. His childhood was very unhappy. His father, a doctor, was bad-tempered¹ and violent. He believed in very strict discipline for little children. Fyodor’s mother was a sweet and gentle woman. She was the only person who could control his father. When she died in 1837, Fyodor’s father became even worse. He lost control and was angry all the time.

陀思妥耶夫斯基1821年生于莫斯科。他的童年很不快乐。他的父亲是一位医生，脾气暴躁，奉行对孩子 严加管教的律条。费奥多尔的母亲是一位和蔼可亲的女 人，是惟一能管得住他父亲的人。1837年母亲去世后， 费奥多尔的父亲脾气更加败坏，完全失去自控力，随时 都会发脾气。

When he was 21，Fyodor joined the army. But he hated the army and left after only two years. He wanted to be a writer. He wrote a novel and sent it to some publishers. But the publishers wanted him to make big changes, he refused. So he borrowed money and published the novel himself in 1846. The novel was called Poor Folk. It was a great success, and suddenly Dostoyevsky was famous. Everyone wanted to meet this talented writer.

21岁时，费奥多尔参了军，但他不喜欢军队，两年 后就退役了。他想当作家，写了一部小说寄给几家出版 社，出版社让他大幅修改某些地方，遭到了他的拒绝。 1846年，他借钱出版了这部名为《穷人》的小说。小说 相当成功，他很快名声大振，人人都想见见这位才华横 溢的作家。

Dostoyevsky wanted new friends, so he joined a secret political group. The people in the group disagreed with some laws of the government. They believed in freedom of speech. They also wanted the serfs to be free. As a boy, Dostoyevsky had spent the summer at his family’s home in the country and he had become friends with the serfs. He believed very strongly that they should have rights. Dostoyevsky almost died for these beliefs.

陀思妥耶夫斯基想结交新朋友，就参加了一个秘 密的政治小组。这个小组反对政府的法令，主张言论自 由，还主张给农奴自由。还是孩子的时候，陀思妥耶夫 斯基曾在乡下的家里避暑，与那里的农奴成了朋友。他 坚信这些人应该有自己的权利，结果陀思妥耶夫斯基差 点因此而丧命。

In April 1849，the police arrested Dostoyevsky and other members of the political group. All of them were sentenced to death. Later the leader of Russia had changed his mind, the prisoners were now sentenced to four years of hard labor² in a prison camp in Siberia. For the next four years, Dostoyevsky worked as a prisoner in Siberia. In 1857 he married a widow³ with a nine-year-old son. He joined the army again and began to write The House of the Dead, a novel about his horrible experience in the prison camp.

1849年4月，警察逮捕了陀思妥耶夫斯基和这个政 治小组的其他成员，把他们全部判了死刑。但后来由于 俄罗斯的最高统帅改变了主意，这些犯人被流放到西伯 利亚干4年苦役。接下来的4年里，陀思妥耶夫斯基在 西伯利亚当囚犯，干苦役。1857年，他娶了一个寡妇， 还带了一个9岁的儿子。后来他又参了军，并开始写 《死屋手记》，这是关于他在囚犯营可怕经历的书。

Two years later, Dostoyevsky was allowed to Saint⁴ Petersburg. He finished writing his book and it was eventually published. In 1864，Dostoyevsky’ wife and his brother died. He was terribly depressed⁵ and now he had more financial problems.

两年后，陀思妥耶夫斯基获准返回圣彼得堡，他写 完了《死屋手记》，最终得以发表。1864年，他的妻子、 哥哥相继去世，他生活郁郁寡欢，经济上更加拮据。

Dostoyevsky moved to western Europe during the 1860s. A publisher there offered him a lot of money to write another novel, but he had to do it quickly to get the money. So he hired an assistant, Anna Snitkina, to help him. About six months later, he married her. Anna was 25 years younger than Dostoyevsky. They had four children and a good Life together. Anna took care of all of Dostoyevsky’s business. She worked with the publishers and with the people he owed money. She helped him to have a happier and easier life.

19世纪60年代，陀思妥耶夫斯基移居西欧。那里 的一个出版商出许多钱资助他写另一部小说，但他得迅 速写完才能拿到钱。于是他雇了一个助手安娜·斯尼特 金娜来帮助他。约6个月后，他们结了昏。安娜比陀思妥耶夫斯基小25岁，他们共生了 4个孩子，日子过得 很舒服。安娜照料陀思妥耶夫斯基的日常事务，和出版 商和债主们打交道，帮他过上了更快乐、轻松的日子。

During the last 20 years of his life, Dostoyevsky wrote his four most important novels: Crime and Punishment, The Idiot⁶, the Possessed⁷, and The Brothers Karamazov. All of them are great masterpieces.

在人生的最后20年里，陀思妥耶夫斯基写下了自 己最重要的4部小说：《罪与罚》、《白病》、《群魔》和 《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》。这4部小说都是伟大的杰作。

Dostoyevsky was never a healthy man. He had very bad eyesight, which made it hard for him to work. He also had a serious disease⁸ called epilepsy. Another illness caused him to lose consciousness⁹ and remain very still for a long time, as if he were died. Because of this, Dostoyevsky had a terrible fear of being buried alive. Dostoyevsky died at the age of 59 after years of illness. Thirty thousand people watched his coffin¹⁰ pass through the streets of Saint Petersburg. It was the largest funeral procession¹¹ in Russian history. When he died, he was Russia’s greatest writer. Now he is believed one of the greatest writers in the world.

陀思妥耶夫斯基一直疾病缠身，他的视力很差，工 作起来有困难。他还患有一种叫羊痫疯的严重脑疾。还 有另外一种病，发作时他会不省人事，好久不能动弹， 就像死了一样，因此他非常害怕自己会被活活埋葬。饱 受病痛折磨的陀思妥耶夫斯基59岁辞世。3万人目送他 的灵柩通过圣彼得堡的街道，这是俄国历史上最隆重的 葬礼。他去世时已经成为俄罗斯最伟大的作家。如今， 被认为是世界上最伟大的作家之一。
 

1 bad-tempered   

adj.脾气坏的

参考例句：

• He grew more and more bad-tempered as the afternoon wore on.随着下午一点点地过去，他的脾气也越来越坏。
• I know he's often bad-tempered but really,you know,he's got a heart of gold.我知道他经常发脾气，但是，要知道，其实他心肠很好。

2 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

3 widow   

n.寡妇

参考例句：

• Martha was a very rich young widow.玛莎是个很有钱的年轻寡妇。
• All this money was appropriated for the support of his widow.所有这些钱作为给他的遗孀的抚养费。

4 saint   

n.圣徒；基督教徒；vt.成为圣徒，把...视为圣徒

参考例句：

• He was made a saint.他被封为圣人。
• The saint had a lowly heart.圣人有谦诚之心。

5 depressed   

adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的

参考例句：

• When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
• His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。

6 idiot   

n.白痴，傻子，笨蛋

参考例句：

• Only an idiot would make such a thoughtless remark.只有草包才会说出这样没有头脑的话来。
• You are behaving like a perfect idiot.你表现得像个十足的白痴。

7 possessed   

adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的

参考例句：

• He flew out of the room like a man possessed.他像着了魔似地猛然冲出房门。
• He behaved like someone possessed.他行为举止像是魔怔了。

8 disease   

n.疾病，弊端

参考例句：

• The doctors are trying to stamp out the disease.医生正在尽力消灭这种疾病。
• He fought against the disease for a long time.他同疾病做了长时间的斗争。

9 consciousness   

n.意识，觉悟，知觉

参考例句：

• The experience helped to change her social consciousness.这种经验有助于改变她的社会意识。
• He lost consciousness at the first whiff of ether.他一嗅到乙醚便失去了知觉。

10 coffin   

n.棺材，灵柩

参考例句：

• When one's coffin is covered,all discussion about him can be settled.盖棺论定。
• The coffin was placed in the grave.那口棺材已安放到坟墓里去了。

11 procession   

n.队伍，行列；v.列队行进

参考例句：

• The students entered the school in procession.学生们排队进入学校。
• The grand procession moves slowly out of the temple.这支庄严的队伍缓缓地走出庙堂。