名人认知系列 文人骚客18：Tan Sitong: A Scholar and Martyr 谭嗣同：为国赴难的学者

Tan Sitong: A Scholar and Martyr¹

谭嗣同：为国赴难的学者

Tan Sitong(1865—1898), native of Hu’nan province. He was a famous reformist who was well versed² with both writing and sword. Tan Sitong loved reading extensively and was especially keen on the knowledge of governing and benefiting the people. He also showed remarkable³ gift in writing.

谭嗣同，湖南浏阳人，擅于写文章，长于剑术， 是著名的维新人物。他读书务求广博，好讲经世救民的学问，文章写得很好。

In 1894, the Sino-Chinese War broke out. The corrupt⁴ and incompetent⁵ Qing government ended up with thorough failure and signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki, one that humiliated⁶ the whole nation and forfeited⁷ its sovereignty. Tan Sitong felt extremely indignant at the whole at the injustice⁸ of the invasion by the imperialist countries and was against the treaty. He realized that the survival of the nation depended on the reform of rotten feudalism.

1894年，中日甲午战争爆发。由于清政府的腐败无能和妥协退让，中国战败并签订了丧权辱国的《马关条约》。谭嗣同对帝国主义的侵略义愤填膺，坚决反对签订和约。他感到必须对腐朽的封建专制制度进行改革, 才能够救亡图存。

Between summer and autumn of 1897，Tan Sitong wrote an important kook Treatise⁹ On Benevolence¹⁰, the first reformist’s philosophical¹¹ works. In the book, he vehemently¹² lashed¹³ on the feudalism. In the early 1898，he went to Hu'nan to help promote new policies in the Current Affairs School and make the school a true cradle of reformists.

1897年夏、秋季间，谭嗣同写成了重要著作《仁学》，这是维新派的第一部哲学著作，书中愤怒地抨击了封建君主专制制度。1898年初，谭嗣同到湖南举办新政。 首先加强了时务学堂的维新派力量，使时务学堂真正成了培养维新志士的摇篮。

The active Tan Sitong did soon draw the attention from emperor Guangxu who was also keen on reform. On September 5, emperor Guanxu summoned him again and expressed his determination for reform. On September 18，Tan Sitong paid a night visit to Yuan Shikai and requested him to lead his army into Beijing to eliminate the conservatives. Because of Yuan’s betray, the empress ordered to arrest the reformists on the 21th. Tan Sitong tried every means to save his emperor but failed. He eventually determined¹⁴ to sacrifice his life for the reform. The Japanese consulate¹⁵ once had their liaison¹⁶ to offer him “protection”, while Tan Sitong flatly refused. While in the jail, Tan Sitong remained at ease and wrote a poem to show his determination.

他的积极行动引起了立志变法的光绪皇帝的重视。 1893年9月5日，光绪再次召见他，表明自己变法的决心。9月18日，谭嗣同夜访袁世凯，要求袁世凯带兵入京除掉顽固派。由于袁世凯的背叛，21日，慈禧太后下令捉拿维新派。谭嗣同设法营救光绪而失敗，决心 以死来殉变法事北。日本使馆曾派人与他联系，表示可以为他提供“保护”，他毅然拒绝。在狱中，他神态从容，镇定自若，并写诗表达自己变法的决心。

On September 28, Tan Sitong was sent for execution, fearless. Executed together with him were five other reformists — Lin Xu, Yang Shenxiu, Liu Guangdi, Yang Rui and Kang Guangren, all were collectively known as “the six men of honor of 1898”. Their sacrificial heroism¹⁷ were touching¹⁸ to the people watching the execution. While the last words of Tan Sitong encouraged generations to come to devote themselves to heir motherland.
 

9月28日，谭嗣同慷慨赴刑场。与他一起被害的维新人士还有林旭、杨深秀、刘光第、杨锐、康广仁，六人并称为“戊戌六君子”。他们舍身报国的英雄气概令围观群众极为感动，而谭嗣同在刑场的豪言壮语激励着一代又一代志士为国捐躯。

1 martyr   

n.烈士，殉难者；vt.杀害，折磨，牺牲

参考例句：

• The martyr laid down his life for the cause of national independence.这位烈士是为了民族独立的事业而献身的。
• The newspaper carried the martyr's photo framed in black.报上登载了框有黑边的烈士遗像。

2 versed   

adj. 精通，熟练

参考例句：

• He is well versed in history.他精通历史。
• He versed himself in European literature. 他精通欧洲文学。

3 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

4 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

5 incompetent   

adj.无能力的，不能胜任的

参考例句：

• He is utterly incompetent at his job.他完全不能胜任他的工作。
• He is incompetent at working with his hands.他动手能力不行。

6 humiliated   

感到羞愧的

参考例句：

• Parents are humiliated if their children behave badly when guests are present. 子女在客人面前举止失当，父母也失体面。
• He was ashamed and bitterly humiliated. 他感到羞耻，丢尽了面子。

7 forfeited   

（因违反协议、犯规、受罚等）丧失，失去( forfeit的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Because he broke the rules, he forfeited his winnings. 他犯规，所以丧失了奖金。
• He has forfeited the right to be the leader of this nation. 他丧失了作为这个国家领导的权利。

8 injustice   

n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利

参考例句：

• They complained of injustice in the way they had been treated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。
• All his life he has been struggling against injustice.他一生都在与不公正现象作斗争。

9 treatise   

n.专著；(专题)论文

参考例句：

• The doctor wrote a treatise on alcoholism.那位医生写了一篇关于酗酒问题的论文。
• This is not a treatise on statistical theory.这不是一篇有关统计理论的论文。

10 benevolence   

n.慈悲，捐助

参考例句：

• We definitely do not apply a policy of benevolence to the reactionaries.我们对反动派决不施仁政。
• He did it out of pure benevolence. 他做那件事完全出于善意。

11 philosophical   

adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的

参考例句：

• The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
• She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。

12 vehemently   

adv. 热烈地

参考例句：

• He argued with his wife so vehemently that he talked himself hoarse. 他和妻子争论得很激烈，以致讲话的声音都嘶哑了。
• Both women vehemently deny the charges against them. 两名妇女都激烈地否认了对她们的指控。

13 lashed   

adj.具睫毛的v.鞭打( lash的过去式和过去分词 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥

参考例句：

• The rain lashed at the windows. 雨点猛烈地打在窗户上。
• The cleverly designed speech lashed the audience into a frenzy. 这篇精心设计的演说煽动听众使他们发狂。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

15 consulate   

n.领事馆

参考例句：

• The Spanish consulate is the large white building opposite the bank.西班牙领事馆是银行对面的那栋高大的白色建筑物。
• The American consulate was a magnificent edifice in the centre of Bordeaux.美国领事馆是位于波尔多市中心的一座宏伟的大厦。

16 liaison   

n.联系，（未婚男女间的）暖昧关系，私通

参考例句：

• She acts as a liaison between patients and staff.她在病人与医护人员间充当沟通的桥梁。
• She is responsible for liaison with researchers at other universities.她负责与其他大学的研究人员联系。

17 heroism   

n.大无畏精神，英勇

参考例句：

• He received a medal for his heroism.他由于英勇而获得一枚奖章。
• Stories of his heroism resounded through the country.他的英雄故事传遍全国。

18 touching   

adj.动人的，使人感伤的

参考例句：

• It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
• His letter was touching.他的信很感人。