词汇大师(Wordmaster)--Chicago Manual of Style

Broadcast on COAST TO COAST: July 24, 2003

AA: I'm Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on WORDMASTER -- a look at the book writers turn to settle questions of style.

RS: University of Chicago Press is just out with the 15th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style, "the essential guide for writers, editors, and publishers." That's what it says on the front of the book.

AA: Note that there's a comma after "editors." Some guides would have omitted the comma before the last item in a series.

RS: And therein lies the difference between a style book and a grammar book, says Anita Samen, managing editor of the University of Chicago Press.

SAMEN: "For example, if you are writing and following Chicago style in your writing, and you say 'as we discussed in chapter 4,' the C on 'chapter' would be lower-cased, not capitalized, because that's our style. This is not an issue of grammar."

AA: "And that's what's so frustrating¹ about this, when you've got a picky little style point and you go to four or five different style books -- "

RS: "And they're all different."

AA: "And they're all different."

SAMEN: "No, you go to ours. [Laughter] But if you think about the origin of the manual, the manual originally was for people working in the proof room, so they could make sure that things that were published by the press were consistent in the way terms were handled. So that is how our particular style evolved."

AA: "Well, let me ask you a question then -- why not a capital C?"

SAMEN: "We tend to save capital letters to make them stand out. For example, the New York Times -- if you read the New York Times -- will talk about the Clinton administration or the Bush administration and they will capitalize the word administration. Our style, however, is to have it lower-cased."

RS: "Now what is the difference between the 15th edition and, say, the 14th edition?"

SAMEN: "Oh, many, many, many differences. The primary difference, I think, is the Manual always evolves with the times. And if you think about what has happened in the world between 1993, when the 14th edition came out, and 2003 -- for example, in 1993 when I worked at the Press, I did not have e-mail. I had a computer in my office, but people didn't use e-mail the way they do now. When we were thinking for this new edition what we would do with the terms e-mail and Web site, and how we would style those -- for example, Web site, one word or two, cap W or lower case. It is two words, with a cap W, because Web site came from World Wide Web.

"E-mail is lower-case E, with a hyphen, and that actually is something now that I think about it, that may clarify the matter for non-native speakers of English. Because without the hyphen, just email, that may look like some word they're supposed to know but don't."

AA: "Final question here -- what was the most controversial, the biggest bombshell change from the 14th edition to the 15th?"

SAMEN: "Hmm. I would say adding electronic citations³ to our two chapters on citations. And our big debate was -- two debates, whether or not to advocate full URLs and whether or not to advocate adding access dates to the citations."

AA: "URL is the Web address, the Uniform Resource Locator."

SAMEN: "Yes, yes, and all that string of letters and the tildes and all that. And for awhile -- and we went both ways, and we actually drafted the chapters two different ways, and after a lot of discussion we decided⁴ to go with full URLs and access dates when either the discipline required adding them or when they gave useful information to the reader. How to handle URLs, I would say, generated the most conversation as we were preparing the fifteenth edition."

RS: Anita Samen is managing editor of the University of Chicago Press, publishers of the 15th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style.

AA: Now here's an example of a "full URL" in a formal citation² -- http://www.voanews.com/wordmaster.

RS: Or just type in voanews.com/wordmaster, and you'll get to us just the same.

AA: And our e-mail address is [email protected]. With Rosanne Skirble, I'm Avi Arditti.

1 frustrating   

adj.产生挫折的，使人沮丧的，令人泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的现在分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's frustrating to have to wait so long. 要等这么长时间，真令人懊恼。
• It was a demeaning and ultimately frustrating experience. 那是一次有失颜面并且令人沮丧至极的经历。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 citation   

n.引用，引证，引用文；传票

参考例句：

• He had to sign the proposition for the citation.他只好在受奖申请书上签了字。
• The court could issue a citation and fine Ms. Robbins.法庭可能会发传票，对罗宾斯女士处以罚款。

3 citations   

n.引用( citation的名词复数 )；引证；引文；表扬

参考例句：

• The apt citations and poetic gems have adorned his speeches. 贴切的引语和珠玑般的诗句为他的演说词增添文采。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Some dictionary writers use citations to show what words mean. 有些辞典的编纂者用引文作例证以解释词义。 来自辞典例句

4 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。