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新编英语教程第二册Unit14

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Unit 14

DIALOGUE I

Reform in Education

A: I've been teaching in China for only two weeks, but I notice the dynamic pulse of your national and local life. It seems there's something new every day in China and everybody's talking about reform of one kind or another.
B: For us, reform is the only way to modernize1 the country, to revitalize China, a nation with a history of 5,000 years.
A: And a bright future to look forward to.
B: Yes, we do. But the bright future is more than something just to look forward to. It's something to build up on our own. In order to modernize our country, we need millions of dedicated2 skilled workers, as well as qualified3 teachers, managers, engineers, information analysts4, computer programmers, medical doctors and other specialists.
A: That's really a very impressive modernization5 drive.
B: In the process, we have come to understand that education takes priority in our modernization programme. The government is now implementing6 the strategy of national development by relying on science and education.
A: But what comes first in your educational reform?
B: It seems that the provinces, municipalities and autonomous7 regions have all proposed that more funds should be raised for education. Some local governments have decided8 that teacher training should be the first item on the agenda of reform.
A: That's very sensible. You must first of all have qualified teachers before you can have the kind of qualified people you need.
B: Many colleges and schools not only recruit new teachers, but offer in-service teacher training programmes as well. In some schools, however, a teaching certificate is required of one who wishes to get a teaching position.
A: That's right. Prospective10 teachers must show their qualifications for teaching. In my country, people who wish to be teachers must get a teaching certificate before their application is considered.
B: We'll do that too.
A: By the way, do your students have their say on the reform of the educational system?
B: Oh, yes. For instance, most students at this university have expressed their resentment11 to the traditional spoon-feeding method of teaching. The university leadership backs up their call for a reform of teaching methodology.
A: Theoretically, no teacher is in favour of spoon-feeding students, but in practice it seems difficult to give it up altogether.
B: True, and that's exactly why we must bring about reforms. We must give full play to the role of students in learning and create a more student-centred classroom for teaching.
A: I also feel that you ought to give your students more time at their own disposal, and allow them to work at their own pace. My students seem to be very much tied down to their full timetable.
B: That's another thing we have become aware of. As a matter of fact, the majority of our college students demand that the curricular programmes, teaching methods, academic rules and regulations should all be reformed. They hope to change the way they are being taught now. In particular, they don't want to study simply for examinations, but to become creative, critical thinkers and useful workers.
A: Then, it's only natural that they're actively12 involved in this reform.

DIALOGUE II

Dialogue:

Two students have just been to a fancy-dress party and are talking about what they thought of it.
A: That was the best party I've been to for a long time. I really enjoyed myself.
B: You really enjoyed yourself? But you hardly said a word all evening, and you didn't dance even once!
A: Just because I didn't dance doesn't mean I didn't enjoy myself. The music was good, and the food was excellent, and above all, there were a lot of interesting people there.
B: I suppose you mean that new professor of physics from our department! Why did you always have to stick in a corner like a hermit13 and talk all night about boring academic matters. Our hostess thought that you were particularly rude not socializing with anyone else.
A: Not socializing with anyone? I was talking to the professor, and very interesting it was, too.
B: If it was such an interesting party, why did we have to leave so early? It was only nine o'clock.
A: Wasn't it eleven when we left? Yes, it was. I don't think you're right there.
B: It was nine because I was talking to our hostess, and she asked me the time just before you came over.
A: Well, I was rather tired so I suggested to the professor that it was rather late and...
B: Oh, come on! I don't believe that! You left because the professor left. He suggested that it was late and time to go, didn't he? Not you! You wouldn't have left if he had wanted to stay. He apologized for not wanting to stay longer, isn't that true?

READING I

Girls and Boys Come Out to Play

The football sailed over the fence at least half a dozen times every lunch hour, not due to any lack of skill: a "lost" ball provided a passport into the girls' school next door. Games of tennis, tag, handball and football were all crammed14 into the corner of the schoolyard beside our own Maginot line.
On the other side, girls sunbathed15 and were regularly told to pull their socks up and not hitch16 up their skirts. "This is not Brighton beach, you know." Apart from the daily melee17 in the bus queue, this was our only contact with the opposite sex at school.
The excuses grew more sophisticated. Divinity club, drama, mixed hockey matches for charity and other worthy18 causes were all surprisingly well supported. Even so, we all resented this unnatural19 division. If school was preparing us for life, why was it so unlike the real world? It is ironic20 that I now find myself defending single sex education and that I now believe that its very artificiality is its main strength.
Ideally education should provide everyone with the opportunity to develop their talents to the full. But in reality this is more difficult than it seems. Boys are often more pushy21 than girls and demand more than their fair share of the teacher's attention. If this is not forthcoming, they are likely to be disruptive.
To keep the peace, teachers, often unintentionally, devote more of their time to the boys. The result is that in a mixed class girls can expect no more than a third of the teacher's time. This becomes a habit and boys get used to being assertive22 and in control while girls learn to give way and to play a subordinate role. Having to contend with the complications of adolescence23 at the same time exacerbates24 the problem. Surely this is not a desirable preparation for life?
If girls and boys are kept separate, domination by one sex is not possible. In my experience, stronger boys often pushed out the weaker, dismissing them as "cissies." Perhaps we needed to dominate someone and these were our substitute girls. But at least we didn't get used to "shouting down" the girls or assuming that they would always give way.
In a girls' school, pupils get the full attention of the teacher. They are free to develop the self-assurance which later on may help them to resist discrimination. Because they are used to having influence in the classroom, they expect to have influence in the world. If reality turns out differently, then at least they can tackle it without being hampered25 by the difficulties of adolescence as well.
At school I always favoured the arts more than the sciences and happily progressed to specialization in English. Would I have done so in a mixed school? Perhaps not. The fact is that in coeducational schools, girls dominate the arts while boys dominate the sciences. This is because in the early teenage years girls excel in language-based subjects and, rather than be beaten, boys concentrate on the sciences. Single sex schools are free from such stereotyping26.
I don't think that girls and boys should be separated because they distract one another. I can't believe that flirtation27 or boyish bravado28 poses a serious threat to classroom order. There are stronger social and educational reasons than that. Perhaps a good compromise would be to have mixed schools but to teach boys and girls separately for at least part of the time. This at least would get rid of the Maginot lines that are as much a part of my school memories as semolina and chalk dust.

READING II

Life at College

British universities
There are 46 universities in Britain. Good "A" Level results in at least two subjects are necessary to get a place at one. However, good exam passes alone are not enough. Universities choose their students after interviews, and competition for places at university is fierce.
For all British citizens a place at university brings with it a grant from their Local Education authority. The grants cover tuition fees and some of the living expenses. The amount depends on the parents' income. If the parents do not earn much money, their children will receive a full grant which will cover all their expenses.

Free at last!
Most 18 and 19 year-olds in Britain are fairly independent people, and when the time comes to pick a college they usually choose one as far away from home as possible! So, many students in northern and Scottish universities come from the south of England and vice9 versa. It is very unusual for university students to live at home. Although parents may be a little sad to see this happen, they usually approve of the move, and see it as a necessary part of becoming an adult.
Anyway, the three university terms are only ten weeks each, and during vacation times families are reunited.

Freshers
When they first arrive at college, first-year university students are called "freshers". A fresher's life can be exciting but terrifying for the first week.
Often freshers will live in a Hall of Residence on or near the college campus, although they may move out into a rented room in their second or third year, or share a house with friends. Many freshers will feel very homesick for the first week or so, but living in hall soon helps them to make new friends.
During the first week, all the clubs and societies hold a "freshers' fair" during which they try to persuade the new students to join their society. The freshers are told that it is important for them to come into contact with many opinions and activities during their time at university, but the choice can be a bit overwhelming!
On the day that lectures start, groups of freshers are often seen walking around huge campuses, maps in hand and a worried look on their faces. They are learning how difficult it is to change from a school community to one of many thousands. They also learn a new way of studying. As well as lectures, there are regular seminars, at which one of a small group of students (probably not more than ten) reads a paper he or she has written. The paper is then discussed by the tutor and the rest of the group. Once or twice a term, students will have a tutorial. This means that they see a tutor alone to discuss their work and their progress. In Oxford29 and Cambridge, and some other universities, the study system is based entirely30 around such tutorials which take place once a week. Attending lectures is optional for "Oxbridge" students!
After three or four years (depending on the type of course and the university) these students will take their finals. Most of them (over 90 per cent) will get a first, second or third class degree and be able to put B.A. (Bachelor of Arts) or B.Sc. (Bachelor of Science) after their name. It will have been well earned!


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 modernize SEixp     
vt.使现代化,使适应现代的需要
参考例句:
  • It was their manifest failure to modernize the country's industries.他们使国家进行工业现代化,明显失败了。
  • There is a pressing need to modernise our electoral system.我们的选举制度迫切需要现代化。
2 dedicated duHzy2     
adj.一心一意的;献身的;热诚的
参考例句:
  • He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
  • His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。
3 qualified DCPyj     
adj.合格的,有资格的,胜任的,有限制的
参考例句:
  • He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
  • We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。
4 analysts 167ff30c5034ca70abe2d60a6e760448     
分析家,化验员( analyst的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
  • I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。
5 modernization nEyxp     
n.现代化,现代化的事物
参考例句:
  • This will help us achieve modernization.这有助于我们实现现代化。
  • The Chinese people are sure to realize the modernization of their country.中国人民必将实现国家现代化。
6 implementing be68540dfa000a0fb38be40d32259215     
v.实现( implement的现在分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • -- Implementing a comprehensive drug control strategy. ――实行综合治理的禁毒战略。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • He was in no hurry about implementing his unshakable principle. 他并不急于实行他那不可动摇的原则。 来自辞典例句
7 autonomous DPyyv     
adj.自治的;独立的
参考例句:
  • They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
  • This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。
8 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
9 vice NU0zQ     
n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
参考例句:
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
10 prospective oR7xB     
adj.预期的,未来的,前瞻性的
参考例句:
  • The story should act as a warning to other prospective buyers.这篇报道应该对其他潜在的购买者起到警示作用。
  • They have all these great activities for prospective freshmen.这会举办各种各样的活动来招待未来的新人。
11 resentment 4sgyv     
n.怨愤,忿恨
参考例句:
  • All her feelings of resentment just came pouring out.她一股脑儿倾吐出所有的怨恨。
  • She cherished a deep resentment under the rose towards her employer.她暗中对她的雇主怀恨在心。
12 actively lzezni     
adv.积极地,勤奋地
参考例句:
  • During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
  • We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。
13 hermit g58y3     
n.隐士,修道者;隐居
参考例句:
  • He became a hermit after he was dismissed from office.他被解职后成了隐士。
  • Chinese ancient landscape poetry was in natural connections with hermit culture.中国古代山水诗与隐士文化有着天然联系。
14 crammed e1bc42dc0400ef06f7a53f27695395ce     
adj.塞满的,挤满的;大口地吃;快速贪婪地吃v.把…塞满;填入;临时抱佛脚( cram的过去式)
参考例句:
  • He crammed eight people into his car. 他往他的车里硬塞进八个人。
  • All the shelves were crammed with books. 所有的架子上都堆满了书。
15 sunbathed 590b4199ab527345b013f29a9bf5c5ff     
日光浴( sunbathe的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Q: Have you ever sunbathed on a nude beach? 你在裸体海滩浴场进行过日光浴么?
  • Sometimes we went to the beach and at other times we sunbathed on the patio. 我们有时去海滩, 有时在院子里做日光浴。
16 hitch UcGxu     
v.免费搭(车旅行);系住;急提;n.故障;急拉
参考例句:
  • They had an eighty-mile journey and decided to hitch hike.他们要走80英里的路程,最后决定搭便车。
  • All the candidates are able to answer the questions without any hitch.所有报考者都能对答如流。
17 melee hCAxc     
n.混战;混战的人群
参考例句:
  • There was a scuffle and I lost my hat in the melee.因发生一场斗殴,我的帽子也在混乱中丢失了。
  • In the melee that followed they trampled their mother a couple of times.他们打在一团,七手八脚的又踩了他们的母亲几下。
18 worthy vftwB     
adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的
参考例句:
  • I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
  • There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。
19 unnatural 5f2zAc     
adj.不自然的;反常的
参考例句:
  • Did her behaviour seem unnatural in any way?她有任何反常表现吗?
  • She has an unnatural smile on her face.她脸上挂着做作的微笑。
20 ironic 1atzm     
adj.讽刺的,有讽刺意味的,出乎意料的
参考例句:
  • That is a summary and ironic end.那是一个具有概括性和讽刺意味的结局。
  • People used to call me Mr Popularity at high school,but they were being ironic.人们中学时常把我称作“万人迷先生”,但他们是在挖苦我。
21 pushy tSix8     
adj.固执己见的,一意孤行的
参考例句:
  • But she insisted and was very pushy.但她一直坚持,而且很急于求成。
  • He made himself unpopular by being so pushy.他特别喜欢出风头,所以人缘不好。
22 assertive De7yL     
adj.果断的,自信的,有冲劲的
参考例句:
  • She always speaks an assertive tone.她总是以果断的语气说话。
  • China appears to have become more assertive in the waters off its coastline over recent years.在近些年,中国显示出对远方海洋的自信。
23 adolescence CyXzY     
n.青春期,青少年
参考例句:
  • Adolescence is the process of going from childhood to maturity.青春期是从少年到成年的过渡期。
  • The film is about the trials and tribulations of adolescence.这部电影讲述了青春期的麻烦和苦恼。
24 exacerbates 6cfe9141c1cc92f73da37ad4ef8948ca     
n.使恶化,使加重( exacerbate的名词复数 )v.使恶化,使加重( exacerbate的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Stripping the land in these ways allows faster surface runoff and exacerbates flooding. 这些做法终将使土地裸露、地表径流加快,从而加重了洪水的威胁。 来自辞典例句
  • This policy exacerbates the gap between rich and poor. 这项政策加剧了贫富差距。 来自互联网
25 hampered 3c5fb339e8465f0b89285ad0a790a834     
妨碍,束缚,限制( hamper的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The search was hampered by appalling weather conditions. 恶劣的天气妨碍了搜寻工作。
  • So thought every harassed, hampered, respectable boy in St. Petersburg. 圣彼德堡镇的那些受折磨、受拘束的体面孩子们个个都是这么想的。
26 stereotyping 39d617452c0dc987f973fc489929116c     
v.把…模式化,使成陈规( stereotype的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • I realize that I'm stereotyping. 我认识到我搞的是老一套。 来自辞典例句
  • There is none of the gender stereotyping usually evident in school uniforms. 有没有人的性别刻板印象通常是显而易见的。 来自互联网
27 flirtation 2164535d978e5272e6ed1b033acfb7d9     
n.调情,调戏,挑逗
参考例句:
  • a brief and unsuccessful flirtation with the property market 对房地产市场一时兴起、并不成功的介入
  • At recess Tom continued his flirtation with Amy with jubilant self-satisfaction. 课间休息的时候,汤姆继续和艾美逗乐,一副得意洋洋、心满意足的样子。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险
28 bravado CRByZ     
n.虚张声势,故作勇敢,逞能
参考例句:
  • Their behaviour was just sheer bravado. 他们的行为完全是虚张声势。
  • He flourished the weapon in an attempt at bravado. 他挥舞武器意在虚张声势。
29 Oxford Wmmz0a     
n.牛津(英国城市)
参考例句:
  • At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
  • This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。
30 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
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