Without air, there would be no fire

Without air, there would be no fire. There would be no cars or trucks, since motors need air in order to work.           Without air, there would be no wind or clouds. There would be no weather, as we know it.(结构：状、意义：定) The night time would be very cold and the days very hot. We would be forced to seek shelter from the sun, as there would be no atmosphere to protect us from the suns deadly rays.           The atmosphere is all the air surrounding the earth.  Atmospheric1 pressure is the weight of all that air against the surface of the earth. If we did not have atmospheric pressure, we could not have automobile2 tires. The tires would burst if they did not have the pressure of the atmosphere against their surfaces.           Large and powerful,(being large and powerful) the atmosphere consists of an ocean of gases hundreds of miles high. It presses down on our bodies with a force of more than fourteen pounds per square inch. The narrow column3 of air which rests upon our shoulders weighs almost 2,000 pounds. But our bodies are built in such a way that this weight does not crush4 us.           In this huge ocean of air there is more energy than in all the coal, oil, and gas that we have on earth. Electrical energy is collected in the atmosphere as water is collected and stored in a dam. The existence of electricity in the air has been known for centuries. Men have gazed5 in wonder at the bright patterns of lightning in storm clouds. But a thorough6 study of electricity in the atmosphere was not possible until the development of radio and radar7.       one scientist, Dr. Sydney Chapman, has tried to explain the electric field which surrounds the earth. He believes that the great storms on the sun create large amounts of electric energy. This energy is contained in a very light gas called hydrogen8. The earth pulls the gas toward9 it, and a ring is formed around the earth several thousand feet above its surface. The great space ring is a powerful current of electrical energy. Sometimes the ring comes down and curves10 into the lower atmosphere, causing strange electrical effects.            Dr. Chapmans ideas explain many things. It has long been known that there is an electric field inside the earth. It(electric field) moves in much the same manner as the electric energy contained in the atmosphere. Scientists now believe that the electric energy in the atmosphere causes the electric energy inside the earth to flow.       If we can learn to control the energy in the atmosphere, we will have an unending supply of energy. Many scientists are trying to learn how to control it. In the meantime11, even those of us who are not scientists have begun to pay attention to air. We realize that air does not contain the same elements that it contained years ago.  Automobiles12, airplanes, factories, and atomic13 explosions14 have added dust and waste gases to the atmosphere. It is time to learn how to protect our atmosphere, the roof over the world of man.       If I were you, I would give up smoking.   Were I you, I would give up smoking.   If you went now, you could see him.       If you had taken my advice, you would have got success.   Had you taken my advice, you would have got success.   It is important that our earth should be protected form pollution.       It is necessary that he  read English every day.         条件从句， ＋主句 If there were no air, there would be no wind.   Were there no air, there would be no wind.   Without air, there would be no wind.     If …, … . 与现在相反：If+过去式， would (should) + 动词原形 If I were you, I would reconsider their proposal15. If the manager were here, he might make a decision. 与过去相反： If+过去完成时(had+过去分词), should (would) + have +过去分词 If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.   Had he not been ill, he might have come. 与将来相反： If+should +动词原形 (were+动词不定式)，should (would) + 动词原形 If he should fail, we should encourage him to try again. If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 省略条件从句中的if 如果条件从句的谓语包含有had, should 或were，有时if 可以省略。 If he had not been ill, he might have come. Had he not been ill, he might have come.   If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. Were I to do it, I would do it in a different way. If it should rain tomorrow, what could we do? Should it rain tomorrow, what could we do? 主语从句 下列结构中，从句用“动词原形”或“should+动词原形” It is necessary (important, essential, advisable16, ordered, proposed18, requested, suggested, recommended, demanded ) that…   It is necessary that he __ there at once. Send; sent; is sent; be sent Send; sends; sent; be sent It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held at some other time. 宾语从句 下列动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“动词原形”或“should+动词原形” suggest, insist, recommend, propose17, require, request, demand   They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult. We insisted that Mr. Brown chair the meeting. Wish后的宾语从句表未实现的主观愿望   动词形式   用法   过去式   表当时未实现的愿望   过去完成式   表过去未实现的愿望   过去将来式   表将来不大可能实现的愿望 I would rather _walk__ (walk) home.   I would rather you __walked_ (walk) home. I wish I were as young as you. We wish he hadn’t gone. It is time that… It is time _to go_ (go) to school.   It is time you _went_ (go) to school.   巩固练习 They wish there __ (be) much water and air on the moon.   If fish were the best brain food, many people _would eat_ (will, eat) more fish than usual to improve their memory.   If we _did not have_ (not, have) air, there would be no sound. It is recommended that he _apply_ (apply) for a position in an international bank.   If we _had been_ (have, be) more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided.   If her pains _had been caused_ (have, cause) by a heart attack and not by panic, she would probably have been operated on in the hospital.   Without air, the night time _would be_ (will, be) very cold and the days very hot. I would rather he _bought_ (buy) the house next year.   I wish man _could build_ (can, build) a nest which is as good as one built by birds. It is desirable19 that both the father and mother _earn_ (earn) money for the family. If we ______ (not, have) air, there would be no sound. （8B 2000上） If we did not have atmospheric pressure, we __could not have__ (can, not, have) automobile tires. (8B 2003 下)   要是昨天他早一点回到家，他的女儿就不会把他的手表拆了。（2000上） If he had come home a little earlier yesterday, his daughter would not have taken apart his watch ． wish, would rather (sooner)后的虚拟语气   I didn‘t go to the party, but I do wish I ___(be) there. (2002 下)   We often hear old people wishing they ___ young again . [A] are                      [B] were [C] had been               [D] will be (2001 上) 从句中用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可省略。 备考要点：   特殊记忆教材p542-3页上所涉及到的词汇。

1 atmospheric   

adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的

参考例句：

• Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
• Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。

2 automobile   

n.汽车，机动车

参考例句：

• He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。
• The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。

3 column   

n.列，柱形图；专栏；圆柱；纵队

参考例句：

• I often read his column in the local paper.我经常在当地的报纸上看到他的专栏文章。
• A column of soldiers marched down the highway.一个士兵纵队沿着公路行进。

4 crush   

v.压垮，压倒，压服，镇压；压碎，碾碎

参考例句：

• This machine is made to crush the rock into powder.这台机器是用来把石头压成碎末的。
• You can't crush so many people into the classroom.不能让这么多人挤进教室。

5 gazed   

v.凝视，注视( gaze的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He gazed at her with pure adoration. 他一往情深地注视着她。
• She gazed at him in amazement. 她惊异地注视着他。

6 thorough   

adj. 彻底的，完全的，精心的

参考例句：

• He made a very thorough analysis on the situation.他对形势的分析很透彻。
• The committee reported its findings after a thorough investigation.委员会在彻底调查以后报告了调查结果。

7 radar   

n.雷达，无线电探测器

参考例句：

• They are following the flight of an aircraft by radar.他们正在用雷达追踪一架飞机的飞行。
• Enemy ships were detected on the radar.敌舰的影像已显现在雷达上。

8 hydrogen   

n.氢元素，氢气

参考例句：

• Water is made up of atoms of hydrogen and oxygen.水由氢和氧的原子构成。
• A chemist can isolate the oxygen from the hydrogen in water.一个化学家能把水中的氧和氢分解。

9 toward   

prep.对于，关于，接近，将近，向，朝

参考例句：

• Suddenly I saw a tall figure approaching toward the policeman.突然间我看到一个高大的身影朝警察靠近。
• Upon seeing her,I smiled and ran toward her. 看到她我笑了，并跑了过去。

10 curves   

n.曲线( curve的名词复数 )；弧线；曲线状物；弯曲物v.（使）弯成弧形( curve的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She was wearing a low strapless dress that hugged her curves cleverly. 她身穿一件紧贴着她的身体的曲线的低胸露肩连衣裙。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road. 汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 meantime   

n.其时，其间；adv.同时，当时

参考例句：

• I continued working,meantime,he went out shopping.我继续工作，这期间他出去买东西。
• In the meantime we pressed on with the airlift.与此同时，我们加紧进行空运。

12 automobiles   

n.汽车( automobile的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• When automobiles become popular,the use of the horse and buggy passed away. 汽车普及后，就不再使用马和马车了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Automobiles speed in an endless stream along the boulevard. 宽阔的林荫道上，汽车川流不息。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

13 atomic   

adj.(关于)原子的；原子能(武器)的

参考例句：

• The atomic theory is important.原子理论很重要。
• We should take part in the peaceful uses of atomic energy.我们应该参与原子能的和平应用。

14 explosions   

爆炸( explosion的名词复数 )； 爆发； 激增； （感情，尤指愤怒的）突然爆发

参考例句：

• Soon afterwards five explosions were heard from the area. 此后不久从那个地方传来五次爆炸声。
• They were monitoring the upper air to collect evidence of atomic explosions. 他们正在检测高空空气以收集原子爆炸的证据。

15 proposal   

n.提议，建议；求婚

参考例句：

• I feel that we ought to accept his proposal.我觉得我们应该接受他的建议。
• They could not gain over anyone to support their proposal.他们无法争取到支持他们建议的人。

16 advisable   

adj.可取的，适当的，明智的

参考例句：

• It was advisable for you not to mention that.你不提及那件事是明智的。
• I do not think it advisable to park our car here.我认为将我们的小汽车停放在此处是不妥当的。

17 propose   

v.提出，建议；提名，推荐

参考例句：

• Did he propose marriage to you?他向你求婚了吗？
• I propose resting for an hour.我建议休息一小时。

18 proposed   

被提议的

参考例句：

• There is widespread discontent among the staff at the proposed changes to pay and conditions. 员工对改变工资和工作环境的建议普遍不满。
• an outcry over the proposed change 对拟议的改革所发出的强烈抗议

19 desirable   

adj.值得拥有的；可取的，有利的

参考例句：

• Some reasonable adjustments seem desirable.某些合理的调整似乎是可取的。
• Prolonged negotiation was not desirable.拖长了的谈判并不是大家所想要的。