新托福考试听力特训 CD1-Track06

CD1-track6

AGeneral Intelligence

1. What is the main topic of the lecture>

A The importance of intelligence in education.

B Sperman’s theory of General Intelligence.

C The function of the lateral¹ prefrontal cortex in human psychology².

D The problems in the scientific community.

(B)

2. What is the main idea of Spearman’s “g” theory?

A There is a single intelligence that helps us to solve all kinds of problems.

B There is a part of the brain called “lateral prefrontal cortex” which controls blood

flow.

C The social background is the main factor in determining intelligence.

D We cannot measure our mental activities with the “single intelligence” theory.

(A)

听力原文：

CD1-track6

AGeneral Intelligence

Today we will look at this problematic concept known as "intelligence". What is it? Is there an "intelligence" that help us to solve all kinds of problems? Or are there

different intelligences that help us deal with particular problems and

solutions? What do you think?

I think it depends on other things, such as cultural background.

Indeed. There is also a body of research that states mental ability is a function of

social factors such as education and not one's inherent biological make-up. The

scientific community is devided on the issue. One of the beliefs behind the idea of

single entity³ "inteligence" is the concept of "General Intelligence" or "g". The

English psychologist Charles Spearman in the early 20th century made "g" stand for

a statistical⁴ measures of performance across a variety of tests. He found that the

same people who did well in variety of mental tests tended to use a part in their

brains that he termed "g".This "g" laid the foundation for the notion of a single

intelligence, allowing us to undertake everyday mental tasks. Can you think of any

problems inherent in this theory?

Well, for one thing, it seems there are a lot of t mental activities that go on and that we

can't always measure their activity so easily.

Ture enough. Nonetheless, a recent study seems to confirm Spearman's theory.

Reseach has found that a part of the brain called the "lateral prefrontal cortex" is the

only area of the brain to increase in blood flow when volunteers tackle complicated

puzzles. However, Spearman's concept is still highly controversial with many people

questioning both the the statistical process and the simplistic nature of "g"

1 lateral   

adj.侧面的，旁边的

参考例句：

• An airfoil that controls lateral motion.能够控制横向飞行的机翼。
• Mr.Dawson walked into the court from a lateral door.道森先生从一个侧面的门走进法庭。

2 psychology   

n.心理，心理学，心理状态

参考例句：

• She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
• He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

3 entity   

n.实体，独立存在体，实际存在物

参考例句：

• The country is no longer one political entity.这个国家不再是一个统一的政治实体了。
• As a separate legal entity,the corporation must pay taxes.作为一个独立的法律实体，公司必须纳税。

4 statistical   

adj.统计的，统计学的

参考例句：

• He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
• They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。