英国新闻听力 法国国民阵线党走向主流

The news that France's far-right National Front party led by Marine¹ le pen has made big gains in the first round of regional elections, has been met with both surprise and shock. One commentator² said that the National Front has gone from pariah³ status to mainstream⁴. While triumph may not necessarily translate into power, and far right means different things in different countries, part of the appeal of many such parties is a return to an old way of being, French, German, British – almost any European society. Looking back to another time or recreating the past is a way of imagining a future and today forms part of Europe’s wider soul searching. Here, extolling⁵ Europe’s Christian⁶ past and present is one way of contrasting the desirable from the undesirable⁷. A popular trope is to pit Christianity against Islam – Europe’s past was Christian, and her future must also remain Christian especially when facing the Islamification of her borders.

The last few decades have been an unusual time when it comes to religious faith in Europe. We have the demise⁸ of structural⁹ organised religion, the clash between religion and the public space, the search for individual identity and freedom within our faiths. Alongside that, globalisation means that we now live in a world of new diasporas, colliding communities, of neighbours who were once strangers in a foreign land with foreign customs and practices. Many struggle with this kind of difference and I can understand why. Here diversity is extolled¹⁰ as an ethical¹¹ and political imperative¹², cultural and religious mix is applauded even though many are not convinced or remain indifferent; we just deal with it when we have to; for others diversity is enriching and meaningful, unsettling us but also, making us less complacent¹³ about who we are.

The truth is that cultures, civilizations and lifestyles do not clash. It is human beings with their own interests desire and ambitions who clash often aided by political rhetoric¹⁴, whether liberal left or conservative right.

In reality there is no alternative to coexistence but coexistence demands a level of humility¹⁵ and generosity¹⁶ from us all. Fear and suspicion can paralyse us. Fear of Muslims, fear of black people, foreigners and refugees. It can lead to the mindset of republican hopeful Donald Trump¹⁷ who has called for a "total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States.’

In the relatively¹⁸ peaceful societies of Europe, a continent which brought down walls, rather than built new ones, how we speak of our faith, our culture and our nation’s pride says something about ourselves. We can speak of Europe’s Christian past, we may even regret the changes but the future still lies before us. All of us have a stake in this future and all of us have a choice - whether to use the language of religion to instil¹⁹ fear or to use it to inspire hope.

玛丽娜·勒庞领导的法国极右翼国民阵线党在首轮地区选举中获得重大胜利的消息引起轰动和震惊。一位评论员表示，国民阵线已经从“贱民阶层”走向主流。尽管胜利不一定代表权力，极右翼在不同的国家有着不同的意思，许多这类政党呼吁的部分内容就是回归过去的生活方式，法国，德国，英国，几乎任何欧洲社会都是如此。回顾另一个时代或者重现过去是幻想未来的一种方式，今天是欧洲更广阔的灵魂探索的一部分。称赞欧洲基督徒的过去和现在是对比满意和不满意的方面的一种方式。有一个比喻是关于基督教和伊斯兰教的——欧洲的过去是基督徒，她的未来也应该是基督徒，尤其是面临边境的伊斯兰化时。

过去几十年，欧洲在宗教信仰方面度过了非同寻常的时期。我们遭遇了结构化有组织宗教的终结，宗教和公共空间之间的冲突，对信仰中个人身份和自由的追求。除此之外，全球化意味着我们现在生活在一个有着许多新移民的国家，由曾经居住在陌生的土地，有着陌生的风俗和习性的人组成的互相冲突的社区。许多人努力难以适应这种不同，我能理解为什么。在这里，多样化被誉为种族和政治的必需因素，文化和宗教融合备受赞誉，尽管许多人并不信服，或仍然保持着不同，我们只有在必要的时候才会应对。对他人来说，多样化是有益的，也是有意义的，但是也让我们不那么自鸣得意。

事实是，文化，文明和生活方式并不冲突。冲突的是有着自己的利益追求和雄心壮志的人，通常辅以政治立场，无论是自由左翼还是保守右翼。

实际上，和谐共存没有其他选择，但是和平共处需要我们所有人表现出一定水平的人性化和宽宏大量。恐惧和怀疑会让我们麻痹。对穆斯林，对黑人，对外国人和移民的恐惧都是如此。这就引出了有希望当选的共和党总统候选人唐纳德·特朗普的心态，他呼吁“完全限制穆斯林进入美国”。

在相对和平的欧洲社会——这个大洲拆除国家之间的壁垒，而不是设立新的壁垒——我们如何讨论我们的信仰，我们的文化和我们的国家自豪感代表了我们自己。我们可以讨论欧洲的基督教过去，甚至可以遗憾那些改变，但是未来仍在眼前。在这个未来，我们都有筹码，都有机会——用宗教语言来灌输恐惧还是激励希望。

1 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

2 commentator   

n.注释者，解说者；实况广播评论员

参考例句：

• He is a good commentator because he can get across the game.他能简单地解说这场比赛，是个好的解说者。
• The commentator made a big mistake during the live broadcast.在直播节目中评论员犯了个大错误。

3 pariah   

n.被社会抛弃者

参考例句：

• Shortly Tom came upon the juvenile pariah of the village.不一会儿，汤姆碰上了村里的少年弃儿。
• His landlady had treated him like a dangerous criminal,a pariah.房东太太对待他就像对待危险的罪犯、对待社会弃儿一样。

4 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。

5 extolling   

v.赞美( extoll的现在分词 )；赞颂，赞扬，赞美( extol的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• He never stops extolling the virtues of the free market. 他不停地颂扬自由市场的种种好处。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They kept extolling my managerial skills. 他们不停地赞美我的管理技能。 来自辞典例句

6 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

7 undesirable   

adj.不受欢迎的，不良的，不合意的，讨厌的；n.不受欢迎的人，不良分子

参考例句：

• They are the undesirable elements among the employees.他们是雇员中的不良分子。
• Certain chemicals can induce undesirable changes in the nervous system.有些化学物质能在神经系统中引起不良变化。

8 demise   

n.死亡；v.让渡，遗赠，转让

参考例句：

• He praised the union's aims but predicted its early demise.他赞扬协会的目标，但预期这一协会很快会消亡。
• The war brought about the industry's sudden demise.战争道致这个行业就这么突然垮了。

9 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

10 extolled   

v.赞颂，赞扬，赞美( extol的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school. 他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Tessenow decried the metropolis and extolled the peasant virtues. 特森诺夫痛诋大都市，颂扬农民的美德。 来自辞典例句

11 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

12 imperative   

n.命令，需要；规则；祈使语气；adj.强制的；紧急的

参考例句：

• He always speaks in an imperative tone of voice.他老是用命令的口吻讲话。
• The events of the past few days make it imperative for her to act.过去这几天发生的事迫使她不得不立即行动。

13 complacent   

adj.自满的；自鸣得意的

参考例句：

• We must not become complacent the moment we have some success.我们决不能一见成绩就自满起来。
• She was complacent about her achievements.她对自己的成绩沾沾自喜。

14 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。

15 humility   

n.谦逊，谦恭

参考例句：

• Humility often gains more than pride.谦逊往往比骄傲收益更多。
• His voice was still soft and filled with specious humility.他的声音还是那么温和，甚至有点谦卑。

16 generosity   

n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为

参考例句：

• We should match their generosity with our own.我们应该像他们一样慷慨大方。
• We adore them for their generosity.我们钦佩他们的慷慨。

17 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

18 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

19 instil   

v.逐渐灌输

参考例句：

• It's necessary to instil the minds of the youth with lofty ideals.把崇高理想灌输到年青人的思想中去是很必要的。
• The motive of the executions would be to instil fear.执行死刑的动机是要灌输恐惧。