【一起听英语】有害的塑料制品

 塑料的危害很大....

Dan: Hello and welcome 6 Minute English from the BBC. I’m Dan Walker Smith

and today I’m joined by Kate.

Kate: Hello Dan.

Dan: Now today Kate and I are talking about pollution.

Kate: Yes, well pollution is the term for harmful waste which has been put into the

environment, and which can be damaging to plants and animals.

Dan: So I’m going to start the show today with a question, Kate; have you ever

heard of the ‘Great Pacific Garbage Patch¹’?

Kate: No, I’m afraid I haven’t; I’ve never heard of that.

Dan: Well let me explain: Garbage is an American word for something we’ve

thrown away. What we in the UK might call rubbish. And the Pacific

Garbage Patch is an area of the Pacific Ocean where rubbish has collected. It

was discovered in 1997, and is essentially² a big floating soup of plastic

garbage and bits of rubbish that have been thrown away on land and have

ended up in the sea.

Kate: Ooh that sounds absolutely horrible. I had no idea that anything like that

existed. 

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Dan: Well this is the bit which is really scary: we don’t actually know the size of the

garbage patch, but some people say it could be 600,000 square miles across –

which is twice the size of France.

Kate: What? Twice the size of France? That’s absolutely huge!

Dan: And it could be bigger.

Kate: That’s very frightening.

Dan: So this week’s question for you Kate is: According to the United Nations, how

many pieces of plastic are there in each square kilometre of the world’s oceans?

Is it:

a) 22,000 pieces of plastic

b) 38,000

c) 46,000

Kate: Well, as I’d never heard of this problem before, I’m going to take a wild guess

and, sadly, I think I’m going to guess the top number; 46,000 pieces of plastic.

Dan: OK, well they’re all pretty big, but we’ll see if you’re right at the end of the

programme.

Kate: Now plastic pollution in the seas kills over a million sea birds and 100,000

mammals and turtles each year.

Dan: So here’s the Dutch marine⁴ biologist Jan van Franeker talking about the effects

of plastic pollution on birds. You’ll hear the word litter, which is another word

for rubbish. So what sort of litter have the scientists found in birds’ stomachs?

Extract⁵ 1 

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Worldwide, there’s so many bird species⁶ that have litter in their stomachs. It varies⁷

from pieces from bottles or toys, parts from fishing nets, from ropes. Any sort of plastic

really that is broken up and is floating around the ocean.

Kate: OK, so the plastics they’re finding⁸ aren’t just things that might have been

thrown into the sea, like fishing nets and ropes, but are actually things that

have come from the land, like pieces of bottles and children’s toys.

Dan: Apparently⁹ 80% of all the plastic found in the ocean is actually litter that’s

been thrown away on land.

Kate: And part of the problem is that most plastics aren’t biodegradable. What does

the word biodegradable mean Dan?

Dan: Well, if something biodegrades it means it breaks down naturally. So if a

product isn’t biodegradable it won’t decompose¹⁰ or decay¹¹ organically¹². And

some plastic bags could last in the environment for up to a thousand years.

Kate: Let’s hear the marine ecologist Richard Thompson talking about plastic

packaging. Packaging is the protective¹³ covering used to transport products

and display a company’s image. So let’s have a listen to the extract: what

percentage of plastic produced each year is used for packaging?

Extract 2

I think we need to think very very carefully about the way that we use plastics in society.

If we think that 100 million tonnes of plastic products are made every year, 40% of

those are packaging materials that are mainly used once and then discarded¹⁵.

Dan: OK, so 40% of the world’s plastic is used as packaging material and then

discarded. Can you explain what discarded means Kate? 

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Kate: Sure: well to discard¹⁴ something means to throw it away. So if the packaging

is discarded, it means that people throw it away as rubbish or litter, rather

than use it again.

Dan: To lower the amount of plastic waste, scientists recommend the ‘three Rs’ for

packaging. We can reduce the amount of packaging used on products; we can

re-use packaging more than once, and we can recycle the materials used.

Kate: And recycle means to process used materials into new products. So you can

recycle old glass, paper and plastic products to make something new. Do you

recycle, Dan?

Dan: I’m actually very lucky, because where I live in London has a great recycling

programme. So essentially every week we’ve got someone who comes round

and collects all the paper and all the plastic and all the glass that I’ve used that

entire week, which is fantastic.

Kate: Oh that sounds great, you’re really lucky. Actually I’ve got the same thing: I

have all my plastics and glass picked up outside my house, so I think certain

places in the UK are doing quite well on the recycling front.

Dan: And even if you can’t recycle, just try and reuse or reduce the amount of waste

that you’re going to be producing.

OK, we’re almost out of time, so let’s go over some of the vocabulary we’ve

come across today:

pollution

garbage

rubbish

litter

biodegradable 

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packaging

to discard

to recycle

Dan: And finally Kate, let's go back to today's question. I asked you at the beginning

of the show how many pieces of plastic there are in each average square

kilometre of the ocean?

Kate: And I went for c, 46,000.

Dan: Well, depressingly Kate, you’re right. There are apparently 46,000 pieces of

plastic, on average, in each square kilometre of the ocean.

Kate: What? 46,000 pieces of plastic? That’s absolutely incredible¹⁶! How sad, and

think of the damage that must be doing to the sea life.

Dan: But, hopefully, if we all try and reduce waste, and use less packaging, and

recycle more, then maybe things will get better.

So from all of us here at BBC Learning³ English, thanks for listening, and

goodbye!

Kate: Goodbye! 

1 patch   

n.补丁；斑；一小块地；vt.补，修补

参考例句：

• This patch looks a bit unprofessional.这块补丁有点像出自外行之手。
• We managed to patch our quarrel.我们设法平息争吵。

2 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

3 learning   

n.学问，学识，学习；动词learn的现在分词

参考例句：

• When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时，常会从车上掉下来。
• Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。

4 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

5 extract   

vt.取出，提取，获得，摘录；n.摘录，提出物

参考例句：

• The article was a choice extract from her writings.这篇文章是从她的著作中摘录出来的精粹。
• We can extract oil from olive.我们可以从橄榄中榨油。

6 species   

n.物种，种群

参考例句：

• Are we the only thinking species in the whole of creation?我们是万物中惟一有思想的物种吗？
• This species of bird now exists only in Africa.这种鸟现在只存在于非洲。

7 varies   

变化( vary的第三人称单数 )； [生物学]变异； 相应变化； 呈现不同

参考例句：

• The need for sleep varies considerably from person to person. 不同的人对睡眠的需要差异相当大。
• the stultifying effects of work that never varies 一成不变的工作造成的使人呆滞的后果

8 finding   

n.发现，发现物；调查的结果

参考例句：

• The finding makes some sense.该发现具有一定的意义。
• That's an encouraging finding.这是一个鼓舞人心的发现。

9 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

10 decompose   

vi.分解；vt.（使）腐败，（使）腐烂

参考例句：

• The eggs began to decompose after a day in the sun.鸡蛋在太阳下放了一天后开始变坏。
• Most animals decompose very quickly after death.大多数动物死后很快腐烂。

11 decay   

vi.腐烂，衰落；n.腐烂，腐朽，衰败状态

参考例句：

• The vegetables have begun to decay.那些蔬菜已开始腐烂。
• Our powers decay in old age.我们的体力在老年时就衰退。

12 organically   

ad. 有机性地,器官上地,有组织地

参考例句：

• The doctor said there was nothing organically wrong with me. 医生说我没有器质性的毛病。
• Are we talking about organically-based cold fusion? 我们是在讨论基于有机结构的冷聚变吗？

13 protective   

adj.防护的，保护的

参考例句：

• A mother naturally feels protective towards her children.做母亲的天生要保护自己的孩子。
• We feel safe with a protective device in the house.我们因为家里有了防护装置而感到安全。

14 discard   

vt.丢弃，抛弃，遗弃

参考例句：

• We should discard old beliefs.我们应该抛弃旧观念。
• We will discard the old books.我们将不再使用这些旧书。

15 discarded   

v.丢弃，抛弃( discard的过去式和过去分词 )；不再使用

参考例句：

• The room was littered with discarded newspapers. 房间里到处是乱扔的报纸。
• If the filter has been saturated with motor oil, it should be discarded and replaced. 过滤器如果已被机油浸透，则应丢弃并换上新的。 来自辞典例句

16 incredible   

adj.难以置信的，不可信的，极好的，大量的

参考例句：

• Some planets run at incredible speed.某些星球以难以置信的速度运行着。
• Her answer showed the most incredible stupidity.她的回答显示出不可思议的愚蠢。