【一起听英语】网络战争

 未来的战争将不再是真枪实弹的战争，未来的战争将是科技的较量，战争爆发的场地是网络....

Dima: Hi, welcome to this edition of 6 Minute English with me, Dima Kostenko

Rebecca: and me, Rebecca Byrne, hello. And today our topic is – virtual conflict, or ewars.

 

Dima: E-wars? I don’t think I’ve heard that one before – presumably it’s one of the

many words with the prefix¹ ‘e-‘ that have been mushrooming in recent years.

Rebecca: that’s right

Dima: Rebecca, perhaps you could do me a favour and begin by explaining what that

prefix means and where it comes from.

Rebecca: explains (started with e-mail, short for electronic, or virtual mail; later began

to mean anything that goes on online, in the cyberspace², giving rise to a great

number of new nouns like e-books, e-tickets, e-commerce, even e-government)

Dima: OK, it’s true that in this series we regularly discuss all things digital, but why

e-wars?

Rebecca: Well it’s because recently some senior officials in the field of

telecommunications have been giving a rather grim warning - that the next

world war could take place online. One of them is the head of the International

Telecommunication³ Union Dr Hamadoun Touré. He says cyber-attacks could

potentially be as damaging as natural disasters - and that our increasing

reliance on e-communications makes even the most developed countries

vulnerable to an attack by online criminals. We’ll hear from Dr Touré in a 

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moment but first, it’s this week’s question for you Dima. In the next extract Dr

Touré mentions four e-words: e-commerce, e-government and two others. The

question is: which one of the following three do you think he does NOT

mention? Is it

a) e-education;

b) e-health or

c) e-transportation?

Dima: Guesswork

Rebecca: We’ll check your guess in a minute, once we’ve listened to Dr Touré. Don’t

forget to listen out for the four e-words, and also for the following language: ‘a

tsunami⁴’, which is a huge destructive wave that is usually produced as a result

of an earthquake; and ‘dependent on cyberspace’, meaning completely relying

on being connected to the online network’.

Dima: That’s ‘a tsunami’, ‘dependent on cyberspace’ and four words with the prefix

‘e-‘. Ready? Here’s Dr Touré:

Clip 1 0'17"

It's worse than a tsunami - look how dependent we are on the cyberspace today. If we are cut

off from the network today, there are some patients that will die in the hospital. We will not

have education without e-education, health without e-health, commerce without e-commerce

and government without e-government.

Dima: Well he does talk about e-education, e-commerce, e-government and even ehealth

(whatever that means!) But there’s no mention of e-transportation…

Which means that my earlier guess was right/wrong…

Rebecca: congratulations/better luck next time 

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Dima: Well, never mind e-transportation. You’d better tell me what we do about it –

how do we protect ourselves from online attacks, or e-wars?

Rebecca: Well Dr Touré says there are a number of various safeguards already in place.

Dima: ‘Safeguards’ – in other words, security measures, or restrictions⁵ aimed at

protecting someone from harm.

Rebecca: That’s right. For example, it's already possible to track individual users through

internet addresses, including those suspected of committing online crimes.

Dima: That’s good to know, but I would think it’s not always an easy task to

determine straight away if someone's involved in cybercrime or not... My

question is, isn’t there a danger then that these restrictions – these safeguards –

could sometimes be applied⁶ mistakenly?

Rebecca: Well Dr Touré specifically warns that any measures to protect against

cybercrime must not lead to a curtailing⁷ of legitimate⁸ internet use. As you

listen to him, look out for these word combinations: ‘invading their privacy’…

Dima: …meaning watching and/or recording⁹ what people do in their own space and

time;

Rebecca: ‘denying them that basic human right’…

Dima: …that’s not giving people the opportunity to enjoy what they are entitled to;

Rebecca: and – ‘access to information’…

Dima: … meaning the means, or the possibility to find things out. Let’s listen:

 

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Clip 2 0'13"

We have to be sure that protecting people in cyberspace does not mean invading their privacy,

does not mean denying them that basic human right of access to information.

Rebecca: That was the head of the International Telecommunication Union Dr

Hamadoun Touré.

Dima: And you can find out more about this story – and about words with the prefix

‘e-‘ – simply by following the links from our website, bbclearningenglish.com.

But before we go, here’s another chance to go through some of today’s key

vocabulary.

Rebecca: We talked about the expression ‘dependent on cyberspace’, meaning relying a

lot on being connected to the internet. We said that a cyber-attack could

potentially be worse than ‘a tsunami’, a huge destructive wave that is usually

produced as a result of an earthquake. Then there was the word ‘a safeguard’,

meaning a security measure, sometimes of a restrictive nature. We also had

these word combinations: ‘invading their privacy’, meaning watching and/or

recording what people do in their own space and time; ‘denying them that basic

human right’, which is another way of saying ‘not giving people the

opportunity to enjoy what they are entitled to’; and – ‘access to information’,

meaning the means, or the possibility to find things out. And of course we

discussed some of the words that are formed by adding the prefix ‘e-‘, meaning

electronic, or virtual, to an existing noun.

Dima: I'm afraid that's all we have time for today. Until next week.

Both: Goodbye! 

1 prefix   

n.前缀；vt.加…作为前缀；置于前面

参考例句：

• We prefix "Mr."to a man's name.我们在男士的姓名前加“先生”。
• In the word "unimportant ","un-" is a prefix.在单词“unimportant”中“un”是前缀。

2 cyberspace   

n.虚拟信息空间，网络空间，计算机化世界

参考例句：

• She travels in cyberspace by sending messages to friends around the world.她利用电子空间给世界各地的朋友们发送信件。
• The teens spend more time in cyberspace than in the real world of friends and family.青少年花费在电脑上的时间比他们和真正的朋友及家人在一起的时间要多。

3 telecommunication   

n.电信，远距离通信

参考例句：

• Telecommunication is an industry of service.电信业是一个服务型的行业。
• I only care about the telecommunication quality and the charge.我只关心通信质量和资费两个方面。

4 tsunami   

n.海啸

参考例句：

• Powerful quake sparks tsunami warning in Japan.大地震触发了日本的海啸预警。
• Coastlines all around the Indian Ocean inundated by a huge tsunami.大海啸把印度洋沿岸地区都淹没了。

5 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

6 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

7 curtailing   

v.截断，缩短( curtail的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• They will be curtailing the discussions at two thirty. 他们将把讨论缩短至两点半。 来自互联网
• Individually, banks are acting rationally by retaining their capital and curtailing lending. 此外，银行们正在合理地保留其资本和减少贷款。 来自互联网

8 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

9 recording   

n.录音，记录

参考例句：

• How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？
• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。