豆知识 2011-12-11&12-17 如何避免剽窃

 You have something in common with the smartest people in the world. You see, everyone has ideas. We use our minds to create something original, whether it’s a poem, a drawing, a song or a scientific paper. Some of the most important ideas are published and make it into books, journals, newspapers, and trustworthy websites that become the building blocks for things we all learn. But ideas are also very personal, and we need dependable ways to keep track of the people behind the ideas we use because they deserve credit for their contribution, just as you do if someone uses your idea. Passing off another person's ideas or words as your own without credit is called plagiarism¹. Whether it's your friend’s term paper or words of a well-known author, plagiarism is cheating and dishonest.

 

 

 

Meet Cassie, a university student. She has an assignment to write a paper about changing weather patterns. Cassie's project involves building on other people's ideas that she finds in books, magazines and websites. She's not the kind of person who would plagiarize² by turning in someone else's work, but she is aware that plagiarism can happen accidentally. So, she follows some basic rules. 

 

 

 

First, when she quotes an author directly, she uses quotation³ marks around the words to show that they are not hers, alongside a mention of the author's name. She even does this in her notes to make sure she doesn't forget. 

 

 

 

Second, she’s careful to use only her own words when she’s not quoting directly. She can summarize or paraphrase⁴ an idea as long as she’s accurate and references the original source. For example, she begins with “As Smith found”. 

 

 

 

Third, ideas like drawings, speeches, music, structural⁵ models, and statistics can also be plagiarized⁶. Like words, she can use them as long as she gives credit. 

 

 

 

And lastly, she's aware that some ideas are common knowledge and don't need a source. For example, the idea that rain falls from clouds is common knowledge and doesn't need a source, but rainfall measurements by a weather agency does require credit. 

 

 

 

A few weeks later, Cassie turned in her paper with the confidence that she had avoided plagiarism and maybe even provided some new ideas that other students in her field could use in the future, with credit, of course.

1 plagiarism   

n.剽窃，抄袭

参考例句：

• Teachers in America fight to control cheating and plagiarism.美国老师们努力对付欺骗和剽窃的问题。
• Now he's in real trouble.He's accused of plagiarism.现在他是真遇到麻烦了。他被指控剽窃。

2 plagiarize   

v.剽窃，抄袭（别人学说、著作）

参考例句：

• Never plagiarize your paper.课程论文千万不要抄袭。
• It's not a viable option to plagiarize someone else's work.剽窃他人作品的行为是不可取的。

3 quotation   

n.引文，引语，语录；报价，牌价，行情

参考例句：

• He finished his speech with a quotation from Shakespeare.他讲话结束时引用了莎士比亚的语录。
• The quotation is omitted here.此处引文从略。

4 paraphrase   

vt.将…释义，改写；n.释义，意义

参考例句：

• You may read the prose paraphrase of this poem.你可以看一下这首诗的散文释义。
• Paraphrase the following sentences or parts of sentences using your own words.用你自己的话解释下面的句子或句子的一部分。

5 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

6 plagiarized   

v.剽窃，抄袭( plagiarize的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The poem employs as its first lines a verse plagiarized from a billboard. 这首诗开头的几行抄袭了一个广告牌上的一节诗。 来自辞典例句
• Whole passages of the work are plagiarized. 那作品整段整段都是剽窃的。 来自辞典例句