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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
[00:00.00]Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
[00:-1.00]Section A
[00:-2.00]Directions:In this section,you will hear 10 short conversations.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D],and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
[00:-3.00]1.Q:What does the woman want to do? A.She wants to return the skirt her husband bought. B.She wants to buy another skirt. C.She wants to change the yellkow skirt for a blue one. D.She wants to change the blue skirt for a yellow one.
[00:15.76]2.Q:What's the woman's opinion about the school? A.It's too expensive. B.It isn't needed. C.A college would be better. D.It should be built.
[00:31.69]3.Q:What do you think happened to Jack1? A.Jack sold his car. B.Jack's car was stolen. C.Jack bought a new car. D.Jack and a car accident.
[00:49.58]4.Q:What does the man mean? A.He knows more than the woman does. B.What the woman said is true. C.What the woman said is wrong. D.Some people pretend to know what they really don't.
[01:01.31]5.Q:What are they arguing about? A.Women's rights in society. B.The woman's job as a liberation. C.An important election. D.Career planning.
[01:20.30]6.Q:How does the woman feel about the man's remarks? A.She totally agrees with him. B.She thinks it is easier said than done. C.She feels that what be says in simply nonsense. D.She thinks that he is a rather important person.
[01:44.23]7.Q:What does Cathy like to do? A.To work in the flower beds. B.To weed the garden. C.To hire a gardener. D.To clean the yard.
[02:08.40]8.Q:Which of the following heights of the men would the woman's sister prefer to date? A.Over six feet tall. B.Under six feet tall. C.Shorter than she is. D.Five feet ten inches.
[02:26.52]9.Q:Which of the following is true? A.The man thinks the woman is wasting her time. B.The man thinks the woman should make full use of her time. C.The man can wait and there is no need for her to hurry. D.The man is eager to know the woman's answer.
[02:43.06]10.Q:Why did both of them do grocery shopping at nine o'clock sharp? A.To avoid the crowds. B.To get bargains. C.To join the crowds. D.T run into each other.
[02:42.06]Section B
[02:41.06]Directions:In this section,you will hear 3 short passage.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
[03:05.59]Passage One
[03:04.59]Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[04:20.14]11.What is the main idea of this passage? A.Types of guide dogs. B.The training of guide dogs. C.The selection of guide dogs. D.How to live with guide dogs.
[04:25.36]12.At what age does a guide dog begin an intensive course? A.A year and two months. B.Three to five months. C.As a baby. D.four weeks.
[04:32.41]13.Which of the following was not mentioned as a command that the dog learns to obey? A.Left. B.Forward. C.Sit. D.Lie down.
[04:40.46]Passage Two
[04:39.46]Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[05:55.08]14.What is the predicted weather conditions for western districts this evening? A.Western districts can expect thunderstorms. B.Western districts can expect continuous rain. C.Western districts can expect poor visibility. D.Western districts can expect high winds.
[06:02.50]15.What weather condition can be expected in Southern England this afternoon? A.Sunshine. B.Slight frost. C.Increasingly strong winds. D.Light rain.
[06:09.56]16.What can be expected in the Midlands this evening? A.A dry evening. B.Widespread fog. C.Occasional rain. D.Increasing cold.
[06:16.11]17.What can be expected in Northern England in the early evening? A.Increasing cloud. B.Some rain. C.Strong winds everywhere. D.Frost.
[06:23.06]Passage Three
[06:22.06]Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[07:49.68]18.How does the speaker feel about the present position of colleges and universities? A.They should cut back on graduate programs. B.They must offer more if they wish to attract students. C.They will remain their usual sacred position in the eyes of the general public. D.They should not concern themselves with the needs of prospective3 students.
[07:57.85]19.What does the speaker mean by the sentence"Today's students are in touch with the reality of the world"? A.Students are more emotionally mature than they once were. B.Students consider all colleges and universities inferior. C.Students realize that a college education is no longer important. D.Students are aware of the fact that a college degree does not necessarily guarantee long-term job success.
[08:07.39]20.Which of the following is most likely the speaker's advice for a college student?
[08:06.39]Reading Comprehension (35 minute)
[08:05.39]Directions:There are 4 passage in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
[08:04.39]Passage One
[08:03.39]Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
[08:02.39]The first thing people remember about failing a math is that it felt like sudden death.Whether the incident occurred while learning "work problems" in sixth grade,coping with equations in high school,or first confronting calculus4 and statistics in college,failure came suddenly and in a very frightening way!If we assume that the curriculum was reasonable,and that the new idea was but the next in a series of learnable concepts,the feeling of utter defeat was simply not rational;yet"math anxious"college students and adults have revealed that no matter how much the teacher reassured5 them,they could not overcome that feeling.A common myth about the nature of mathematical ability holds that one either has or does not have a mathematical mind.Mathematical imagination and an intuitive grasp of mathematical principles may well be needed to do advanced research,but why should people who can do college-level work in other subjects not be able to do college-level math as well?Rates of learning may vary.Competency under time pressure may differ.Certainly low self-esteem will get in the way.But where is the evidence that a student needs a "mathematical mind"in order to succeed at learning math?Consider the effects of this mythology6.Since only a few people are supposed to have this mathematical mind,part of what makes us so passive in the face of our difficulties in learning mathematics is that we suspect all the while we may not be one of"them,"and we spend our time waiting to find out when our nonmathematical minds will be exposed.Since our limit will eventually be reached,we see no point in being methodical or in attending to detail.We are grateful when we survive fractions,word problems,or geometry.If that certain moment of failure hasn't struck yet,it is only temporarily postponed9.Parents,especially parents of girls,often expect their children to be nonmathematical.Parents are either poor at math or they failed themselves.In either case they unwillingly10 foster the idea a mathematical mind is something one either has or does not have.
[08:01.39]21.According to the passage,who are likely to experience math anxiety? A.Primary school students. B.High school students. C.College students. D.All of the above.
[08:00.39]22.How would"math anxious"students probably react to their failure at math? A.Slow down their lessons. B.Ask more questions than necessary. C.Go to the teacher for reassurance11. D.Panic and accept defeat.
[07:59.39]23.Which of the following statements if True about"math anxious"students? A.They realize that the feeling of utter defeat is irrational12. B.They assume that the curriculum is not reasonable. C.They feel the new ideas are too difficult for them to learn. D.They regard the new ideas as only something to be encountered next in a series of learnable concepts.
[07:58.39]24.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as one of the factors affecting students performance at college level math? A.Rates of learning. B.Competence13 under time pressure. C.Self-esteem. D.Parents'attitudes towards their mathematics lessons.
[07:57.39]25.The author believes that_. A.a person either has or does not have a mathematical mind B.a student needs a mathematical mind to succeed at learning college level math C.people doing advanced research in math usually have what is called a "mathematical mind" D.parents who are poor at math themselves are more likely to expect their children to be nonmathematical
[07:56.39]Passage Two
[07:55.39]Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
[07:54.39]The decline of traditional religion in the West has not removed the need for men and women to find a deeper meaning behind existence.Why is the world the way it is and how do we,as conscious individuals,fit into the great scheme?There is a growing feeling that science,especially what is known as the new physics,can provide answers where religion remains14 vague and faltering15.Many people in search of a meaning to their lives are finding enlightenment in the revolutionary developments at the frontiers of science.Much to the bewilderment of professional scientists,quasi-religious cults16 are being formed around such unlikely topics as quantum physics,space-time relativity,black holes and the big bang.How can physics,with its reputation for cold precision and objective materialism17,provide such fertile soil for the mystical?The truth is that the spirit of scientific enquiry has undergone a remarkable18 transformation19 over the past 50 years.The twin revolutions of the theory of relativity,with its space-warps and timewarps,and the quantum theory,which reveals the shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms,have demolished20 the classical image of a clockwork universe slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway.Replacing this sterile21 mechanism22 is a world full of shifting indeterminism and subtle interactions which have no counterpart in daily experience.To study the new physics is to embark23 on a journey of wonderment and paradox,to glimpse the universe in a novel perspective,in which subject and object,mind and matter,force and field,become intertwined.Even the creation of the universe itself has fallen within the province of scientific enquiry.The new cosmology provides,for the first time,a consistent picture of how all physical structures,including space and time,came to exist out of nothing.We are moving towards an understanding in which matter,force,order and creation are unified24 into a single descriptive theme.Many of us who work in fundamental physics are deeply impressed by the harmony and order which pervades25 the physical world.To me the laws of the universe,from quarks to quasars,dovetail together so felicitously26 that the impression there is something behind it all seems overwhelming.The laws of physics are so remarkably27 clever they can surely only be a manifestation28 of genius.
[07:53.39]26.The author says people nowadays find that traditional religion is_. A.a form of reassurance B.inadequate29 to their needs C.responding to scientific progress D.developing in strange ways
[07:52.39]27.Scientists find the new cults bewildering because they are_ . A.too reactionary30 B.based on false evidence C.derived31 from inappropriate sources D.too subjective32
[07:51.39]28.Which phrase in paragraph 3 suggests that the universe is like a machine? A.Cold precision and objective materialism. B.The shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms. C.Slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway. D.Shifting indeterminism and subtle interactions.
[07:50.39]29.The new physics is exciting because it_ . A.offers a comprehensive explanation of the universe. B.proves the existence of a ruling intelligence C.incorporates the work of men of genius D.makes scientific theorizing easier to understand
[07:49.39]30.The author of this passage is a_. A.minister of religion B.research scientist C.science fiction writer D.journalist
[07:48.39]Passage Three
[07:47.39]Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
[07:46.39]Language is,and should be,a living thing,constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression.But there is a vital distinction between good developments,which add to the language,enabling us to say things we could not say before,and bad developments,which subtract from the language by rendering33 it less precise.A vivacious,colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere34 slovenliness35.The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately36 indulge is perhaps akin37 to the cult7 of the unfinished work,which had eroded38 most of the arts in our time.And the true answer to it is the same-that art is enhanced,not hindered,by discipline.You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.The corruption39 of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English.We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.The modern theatre has played a haneful part in dimming our appreciation40 of language.Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of,for examplem,Shaw(who was also very insistent41 on good pronunciation),audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate42 trivia,often designed,only too well to exhibit"lack of communication",and larded with the obscenities and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished43.Emily Post once advised her reader:"The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech".Alas,no more.One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly,so that she should fit in better.But the BBC is the worst traitor44.After years of very successfully helping45 to raise the general standard of spoken English,it suddenly went into reverse.As the head of the Pronunciation Unit Covly put it,"In the 1960's the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers".To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest apelike pop idol46 is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor.And the prospect2 seems to be of even worse to come.School teachers are actively47 encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar,atrocious spelling and haphazard48 punctuation,because worrying about such things might inhibit49 his creative genius.
[07:45.39]31.The writer relates linguistic50 slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today,in that both_. A.occasionally aim at a certain fluidity B.from time to time show a regard for the finishing touch C.appear to shun51 perfection D.may make use of economical short cuts
[07:44.39]32.What is it claimed has happened to spoken English? A.Writing problems are not reflected in poor oral expression. B.On the whole,people don't worry if they make mistakes. C.Educated Englishmen now are less communicative than they were in the past. D.Like written English,it has undergone a noticeable change for the better.
[07:43.39]33.Many modern plays,the author finds,frequently contain speech which_. A.is incoherent and linguistically52 objectionable B.is far too ungrammatical for most people to follow C.unintentionally shocks the reader D.deliberately tries to hide the author's intellectual inadequacies
[07:42.39]34.Teachers are likely to overlook linguistic lapses53 in their pupils since_. A.they find that children no longer respond to this kind of discipline nowadays B.they fear the children may become less coherent C.more importance is now attached to oral expression D.the children may be discouraged from giving vent8 to their own ideas
[07:41.39]35.What do you deduce from the writer's attitude to the developments in English?He thinks that_. A.the English are more lax linguistically,and he strongly condemns54 this B.the English are more relaxed,and he tends to be complacent55 about the changes C.there is little to hope for,except in the attitude of school teachers D.there is some cause for satisfaction,even in the attitudes of school teachers
[07:40.39]Passage Four
[07:39.39]Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
[07:38.39]Petroleum56 products,such as gasoline,kerosine,home heating oil,residual57 fuel oil,and lubricating oils,come from one source-crude oil found below the earth's surface,as well as under large bodies of water,from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earth's interior.Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth,but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil.Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface.Crude oil wells flow at varying rates,from ten to thousands of barrels per hour.Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance:thin,thick,transparent or opaque,but regardless,their chemical composition is made up of only two elements:carbon and hydrogen,which form compounds called hydrocarbons59.Other chemical elements found in union with in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities60.Trace elements are also found,but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded.The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds with are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon58 molecule61.The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors62.These products are the so-called light oils,such as gasoline.,kerosine,and distillate oil.The residue63 remaining after the light oils are distilled64 is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers65.Additional complicated refining processes rearange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products,some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various types of gasolines.
[07:37.39]36.Which of the following is Not true according to the passage? A.Crude oil is found below land and water. B.Crude oil is always found a few hundred feet below the surface. C.Pumping and pressure force crude oil to the surface. D.A variety of petroleum products is obtained from crude oil.
[07:36.39]37.Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are possible because_ . A.the petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance B.complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure C.the two atoms in the molecule assume many positions D.the pressure needed to force it to the surface causes molecular66 transformation
[07:35.39]38.Which of the following is True according to the passage? A.The various petroleum products are produced by filtration. B.Heating and condensation67 produce the various products. C.Chemical separation is used to produce the various products. D.Mechanical means such as the centrifuge are used to produce the various products.
[07:34.39]39.How is crude oil brought to the surface? A.Expansion of the hydrocarbons. B.Pressure and pumping. C.Vacuum created in the drilling pipe. D.Expansion and contraction68 of the earth's surface.
[07:33.39]40.Which of the following is Not listed as a light oil? A.distillate oil B.gasoline C.lubricating oil D.kerosine
[07:32.39]Vocabulary (20 minutes)
[07:31.39]Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
[07:30.39]41.If you only talk things over with him,you will find that he is a_person. A.sensitive B.sensible C.sensational69 D.exciting
[07:29.39]42.To say that someone's work is not good is to find fault_ it. A.of B.on C.in D.with
[07:28.39]43.The United States,unlike many other countries,receives a large number of_yearly from all over the world. A.emigrants70 B.migrants C.immigrants D.movers
[07:27.39]44.You can't be rude to everyone and expect to_if forever. A.get used to B.get on along with C.get away with D.get rid of
[07:26.39]45."Don't worry too much,brothers often argue.I'm sure they'll_soon." A.speak up B.mix up C.make up D.stay up
[07:25.39]46.My brother likes eating very much but he isn't very_about the food he eats. A.special B.peculiar71 C.particular D.unusual
[07:24.39]47.Their plans for a big party_. A.fell out B.fell away C.fell off D.fell through
[07:23.39]48.Let a person go away with small acts of dishonesty,and soon be is_greater ones. A.performing B.practising C.executing D.committing
[07:22.39]49.To be precise they are"young urban professionals",but we call them yuppy_. A.in short B.for short C.for sure D.for certain
[07:21.39]50.The state enterprises are the main sources of our country's_ . A.statistics B.pension C.compensation D.revenue
[07:20.39]51.I was depending on him but he_me. A.went in for B.went back on C.went through with D.went off with
[07:19.39]52.Turn on the radiator;I feel_ . A.drowsy72 B.sleepy C.warm D.chilly73
[07:18.39]53.Can you make_before you tell me the answer? A.double sure B.surer C.surest D.so sure
[07:17.39]54.For good stereo reception you will need_on the roof. A.an antenna74 B.a pick-up C.an antique D.a filament75
[07:16.39]55.I am certain that the unbelievable story which Mr.Baker76 told is a complete_. A.fabric77 B.fabrication C.faculty78 D.fault
[07:15.39]56.The_of the book,with the text on the left and the notes on the right,makes it a pleasure to use. A.system B.pattern C.layout D.style
[07:14.39]57.The government_a mass campaign to wipe out malaria79 in the area. A.initiated80 B.participated C.modified D.comprised
[07:13.39]58.If you got_your work instead of talking,you'd be finished in half the time. A.back to B.round to C.up to D.down to
[07:12.39]59.It is_in plain terms that no pension can be paid to anyone under the age of sixty unless he is disabled. A.laid up B.laid down C.laid over D.laid out
[07:11.39]60.Mr.Stone,who is not easily surprised,was quite_when he heard the result of the election. A.taken back B.given over C.brought about D.turned up
[07:10.39]61.It may be that some countries are sending more students to the universities than they should send _ability. A.on the basis of B.on the part of C.with the purpose of D.in the case of
[07:09.39]62.A funeral service is a _ occasion. A.festive81 B.sober C.disastrous82 D.dreadful
[07:08.39]63.He is an honest person.His actions are always_his words. A.contradictory83 to B.contradicted by C.agreed with D.consistent with
[07:07.39]64.Three times Tom had been on the spot to thwart84 his plans.Whether or not this was by_ ,further interference could not be tolerated. A.definition B.rights C.error D.design
[07:06.39]65.Neither can it be denied that there are plausible,even powerful,sociological and economic arguments_its likely success. A.working at B.applying for C.receiving as D.pointing to
[07:05.39]66.He went to the bank to_some money. A.pay in B.pay for C.pay out D.pay into
[07:04.39]67.When it was announced,settlers_raced into the territory in wagons85 and on horseback to claim the best land they could find for themselves. A.literally86 B.incidentally C.dreadfully D.largely
[07:03.39]68.Children usually_after an illness much more quickly than adults. A.pick up B.pick on C.pick off D.pick out
[07:02.39]69.John always gets very annoyed if he can't get his own_. A.wish B.desire C.will D.way
[07:01.39]70.The_of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually makes jobs easier to do. A.application B.affection C.addition D.association
[07:00.39]Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)
[06:59.39]Directions:In this part,there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words(not exceeding 10 words).
[06:58.39]Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied87 research?Basic research is the very heart of science,and its cumulative88 product is the capital of scientific progress,a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it rise.The goal of basic research is understanding for its own sake.Understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell,the explosion of a spiral nebula89 or the distribution of cosmic dust,the causes of earthquakes and droughts,or of man as a behaving creature and of the social forces that are created whenever two or more human beings come into contact with one another-the scope is staggering,but the commitment to truth is the same.If the commitment were to a particular result,conflicting evidence might be overlooked or,with the best will in the world,simply not appreciated.Moreover,the practical application of basic research frequently cannot be anticipated.When Roentgen,the physicist,discovered X-rays,he had no idea of their usefulness to medicine.Applied research,undertaken to solve specific practical problems,has an immediate90 attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed.For practical reason,the sums spent on applied research in any country always far exceed those for basic research,and the proportion are more unequal in the less developed countries.Leaving aside the funds devoted91 to research by industry-which is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because these increase profits quickly-the funds the U.S.Government allots92 to basic research currently amount to about 7 perent of its over-all research and development funds.Unless adequate safeguards are provided,applied research invariably tends to drive out basic.Then,as Dr.Waterman has pointed93 out,"Development will inevitably94 be undertaken prematurely,career incentives95 will gravitate strongly toward applied science,and the opportunities for making major scientific discoveries will be lost.Unfortunately,pressures to emphasize new developments,without corresponding emphasis upon pure science...tend to degrade the quality of the nation's technology in the long run,rather than to improve it."
[06:57.39]Questions:71.What title will best expresses the idea of this passage?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[06:56.39]72.Why is industry primarily interested in applied research?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[06:55.39]73.Why is basic research vital?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[06:54.39]74.Why is basic research vital?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[06:53.39]75.Who devote less than 7% of their scientific budget to basic research?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[06:52.39]Writing (30 minute)
[06:51.39]Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Competitive or Cooperative.Your composition should be no less than 120 words.You should write your composition on the Answer Sheet.
[06:50.39]Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to work with others and be cooperative.Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the best preparation.Discuss these positions,using concrete examples of both.Tell which one you agree wiht and explain why.
[06:49.39]Competitive or Cooperative
[06:48.39]1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.A
[06:47.39]11.B 12.A 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.B 19.D 20.C
[06:46.39]21.D 22.D 23.C 24.D 25.D 26.B 27.C 28.C 29.A 30.B
[06:45.39]31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.B 39.B 40.C
[06:44.39]41.B 42.D 43.C 44.C 45.C 46.C 47.D 48.D 49.B 50.D
[06:43.39]51.B 52.D 53.A 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.D 59.B 60.A
[06:42.39]61.A 62.B 63.D 64.D 65.D 66.A 67.A 68.A 69.D 70.A
[06:41.39]71.Basic Research VS Applied Research
[06:40.39]72.Because applied research offers immediate profit.
[06:39.39]73.Because it provides the basis for scientific progress.
[06:38.39]74.About 93% of its research and development funds.
[06:37.39]75.Less developed countries.
[06:36.39]Writing Competitive or Cooperative As we proceed through life,we are faced with many different types of situations.Each situation requires us to behave in different ways.In school or work,we may be faced with a large project which in order to be accomplished96 efficiently,demands the cooperation of many individuals.In this instance,each person must be flexible,supportive,and be willing to compromise.Each person is only a small part of a large machine.To be competitive or selfish in this situation would only hinder or cause the project to fail.Being competitive also has a place in life.The destine to succeed or also better than others motivates us to work hard.Competition is what makes playing sports so exciting But competition has its own limits.Being competitive to the point of being"cutthrow"is the extreme.When a person resorts to doing anything to do better than others,his or her competitive nature becomes selfish and destructive.Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to work with others and be cooperative.Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the best preparation.But to succeed in life we must learn to be both cooperative as well as competitive The most important thing to learn in life is to know when to be cooperative and when to be competitive.
收听单词发音 |
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jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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prospective
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| adj.预期的，未来的，前瞻性的 | |
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calculus
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| n.微积分；结石 | |
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reassured
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| adj.使消除疑虑的；使放心的v.再保证，恢复信心( reassure的过去式和过去分词) | |
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mythology
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| n.神话，神话学，神话集 | |
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cult
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| n.异教，邪教；时尚，狂热的崇拜 | |
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vent
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| n.通风口，排放口；开衩；vt.表达，发泄 | |
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9
postponed
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| vt.& vi.延期，缓办，（使）延迟vt.把…放在次要地位；[语]把…放在后面（或句尾）vi.（疟疾等）延缓发作（或复发） | |
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10
unwillingly
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| adv.不情愿地 | |
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11
reassurance
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| n.使放心，使消除疑虑 | |
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12
irrational
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| adj.无理性的，失去理性的 | |
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13
competence
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| n.能力，胜任，称职 | |
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14
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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15
faltering
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| 犹豫的，支吾的，蹒跚的 | |
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cults
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| n.迷信( cult的名词复数 )；狂热的崇拜；（有极端宗教信仰的）异教团体 | |
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17
materialism
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| n.［哲］唯物主义，唯物论；物质至上 | |
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18
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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19
transformation
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| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
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20
demolished
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| v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光 | |
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21
sterile
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| adj.不毛的，不孕的，无菌的，枯燥的，贫瘠的 | |
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22
mechanism
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| n.机械装置；机构，结构 | |
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23
embark
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| vi.乘船，着手，从事，上飞机 | |
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24
unified
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| (unify 的过去式和过去分词)； 统一的； 统一标准的； 一元化的 | |
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25
pervades
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| v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的第三人称单数 ) | |
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felicitously
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| adv.恰当地，适切地 | |
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remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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28
manifestation
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| n.表现形式；表明；现象 | |
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inadequate
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| adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的 | |
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reactionary
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| n.反动者，反动主义者；adj.反动的，反动主义的，反对改革的 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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32
subjective
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| a.主观(上)的，个人的 | |
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rendering
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| n.表现，描写 | |
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34
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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slovenliness
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deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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akin
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| adj.同族的，类似的 | |
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38
eroded
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| adj. 被侵蚀的，有蚀痕的 动词erode的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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39
corruption
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| n.腐败，堕落，贪污 | |
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40
appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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insistent
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| adj.迫切的，坚持的 | |
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literate
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| n.学者；adj.精通文学的，受过教育的 | |
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impoverished
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| adj.穷困的，无力的，用尽了的v.使（某人）贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 )；使（某物）贫瘠或恶化 | |
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44
traitor
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| n.叛徒，卖国贼 | |
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45
helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的 | |
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46
idol
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| n.偶像，红人，宠儿 | |
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47
actively
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| adv.积极地，勤奋地 | |
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haphazard
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| adj.无计划的，随意的，杂乱无章的 | |
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49
inhibit
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| vt.阻止，妨碍，抑制 | |
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50
linguistic
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| adj.语言的，语言学的 | |
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51
shun
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| vt.避开，回避，避免 | |
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52
linguistically
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| adv. 语言的, 语言学的 | |
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53
lapses
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| n.失误，过失( lapse的名词复数 )；小毛病；行为失检；偏离正道v.退步( lapse的第三人称单数 )；陷入；倒退；丧失 | |
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54
condemns
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| v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的第三人称单数 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地 | |
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55
complacent
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| adj.自满的；自鸣得意的 | |
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56
petroleum
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| n.原油，石油 | |
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57
residual
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| adj.复播复映追加时间；存留下来的，剩余的 | |
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58
hydrocarbon
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| n.烃，碳氢化合物 | |
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59
hydrocarbons
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| n.碳氢化合物，烃( hydrocarbon的名词复数 ) | |
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60
impurities
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| 不纯( impurity的名词复数 )； 不洁； 淫秽； 杂质 | |
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61
molecule
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| n.分子，克分子 | |
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62
vapors
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| n.水汽，水蒸气，无实质之物( vapor的名词复数 )；自夸者；幻想 [药]吸入剂 [古]忧郁（症）v.自夸，（使）蒸发( vapor的第三人称单数 ) | |
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63
residue
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| n.残余，剩余，残渣 | |
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64
distilled
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| adj.由蒸馏得来的v.蒸馏( distil的过去式和过去分词 )；从…提取精华 | |
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65
boilers
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| 锅炉，烧水器，水壶( boiler的名词复数 ) | |
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66
molecular
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| adj.分子的；克分子的 | |
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67
condensation
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| n.压缩，浓缩；凝结的水珠 | |
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68
contraction
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| n.缩略词，缩写式，害病 | |
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69
sensational
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| adj.使人感动的，非常好的，轰动的，耸人听闻的 | |
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emigrants
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| n.（从本国移往他国的）移民( emigrant的名词复数 ) | |
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71
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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72
drowsy
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| adj.昏昏欲睡的，令人发困的 | |
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73
chilly
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| adj.凉快的，寒冷的 | |
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74
antenna
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| n.触角，触须；天线 | |
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75
filament
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| n.细丝；长丝；灯丝 | |
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76
baker
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| n.面包师 | |
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77
fabric
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| n.织物，织品，布；构造，结构，组织 | |
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78
faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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79
malaria
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| n.疟疾 | |
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80
initiated
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| n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始，创始，启蒙，介绍加入 | |
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81
festive
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| adj.欢宴的，节日的 | |
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82
disastrous
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| adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的 | |
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83
contradictory
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| adj.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的；n.正反对，矛盾对立 | |
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84
thwart
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| v.阻挠，妨碍，反对；adj.横(断的) | |
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85
wagons
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| n.四轮的运货马车( wagon的名词复数 )；铁路货车；小手推车 | |
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86
literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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87
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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88
cumulative
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| adj.累积的，渐增的 | |
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89
nebula
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| n.星云，喷雾剂 | |
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90
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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91
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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92
allots
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的第三人称单数 ) | |
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93
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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94
inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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95
incentives
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| 激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机 | |
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96
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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