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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
[00:00.00]Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
[00:-1.00]Section A
[00:-2.00]Directions:In this section,you will hear 10 short conversations.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D],and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
[00:-3.00]1.Q:Where does this conversation probably take place? A.In the hardware store. B.In the drugstore. C.In the garden. D.In the coffee shop.
[00:14.53]2.Q:How much will the box of candy cost the woman? A.Two dollars. B.Three dollars. C.Five dolars. D.Seven dollars.
[00:31.19]3.Q:How do the speakers feel about the television sets? A.They are over priced. B.They are worth buying. C.They are in poor working condition. D.They are stolen goods.
[00:50.68]4.Q:What is the woman doing besides reading the newspaper? A.Cooking. B.Eating dinner. C.Writing a check. D.Getting dressed.
[01:05.62]5.How will the man get to Chicago? A.By plane. B.By bus. C.By car. D.Seven dollars.
[01:19.83]6.Q:Where is the woman in the conversation? A.At a school. B.In a hospital. C.In a shop. D.At her office.
[01:36.13]7.Q:What do we learn from this conversation? A.Jennifer cannot eat food like pork chops or ham. B.Jennifer asks the man to change the menu to seafood1. C.The man plans to serve seafood for tonight. D.Seafood will probably not be available for tonight.
[01:51.68]8.Q:What does the woman say about Bob? A.His writing is only average. B.He has too many misspelled words. C.His organization is poor. D.He can't stand to write
[02:09.08]9.Q:Why can't the woman order dessert? A.Because she is full. B.Because she is afraid of dropping the dessert on her clothes. C.Because she thinks the dessert will be too rich for her. D.Because she doesn't want to gain weight.
[02:25.98]10.Q:What does the woman suggest that the man do? A.Disconnect his telephone. B.Blow a whistle into the receiver. C.Keep a record of the time of annoying calls. D.Report his problem to the police.
[02:24.98]Section B
[02:23.98]Directions:In this section,you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
[02:58.72]Passage One
[02:57.72]Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[04:25.67]11.Why does the speaker say that it isn't a fault to be shy? A.Because many people don't know to behave in social situations. B.Because many people are shy by nature. C.Because nobody will laugh at you for being shy. D.Because shyness is difficult to overcome.
[04:32.60]12.What is one of the ways suggested by psychologists for measuring shyness? A.By prediction. B.By recording2. C.Through observation. D.Through interviewing.
[04:40.72]13.What is the purpose of the psychologists in asking questions? A.To observe people's attitude towards strangers. B.To see how people get along with their friends. C.To change people's behavior in social life. D.To find out how shy people are.
[04:49.00]Passage Two
[04:48.00]Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[06:30.74]14.Q:What was Midori's mother? A.A housewife. B.A singer. C.A musician. D.A teacher.
[06:35.52]15.Why was Midori not allowed to touch her mother's violin when she was only two years old? A.Because the violin was too expensive. B.Because she was too young to play the violin. C.Because the violin was too big for her. D.Because her mother wanted her to play the piano.
[06:44.45]16.What did Johnson,the American musician,ask Midori to do? A.To play the piano once again. B.To go to the United States. C.To apply for a scholarship. D.To have her performance taped.
[06:51.85]17.Why did Midori move to the United States? A.To live a more comfortable life. B.To give performance. C.To be a pupil of a famous violinist. D.To enter a famous university.
[06:58.77]Passage Three
[06:57.77]Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[08:30.03]18.Where can you find the telephone number of a city council in a telephone book? A.In the blue pages. B.In the white pages. C.In the yellow pages. D.In a special section.
[08:38.00]19.Where can you find the area code map of the U.S.? A.On the first page of the telephone book. B.At the end of the telephone book. C.In the front of the white pages. D.Right after the white pages.
[08:44.79]20.What are you advised to do when you get a wrong number in making a long distance call? A.Check your number and call again. B.Ask the operator what has happened. C.Ask the operator to put you through D.Tell the operator what has happened.
[08:43.79]Reading comprehension (35 minutes)
[08:42.79]Directions:There are 4 passage in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
[08:41.79]Passage One
[08:40.79]Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
[08:39.79]In most of the human civilizations of which we have any proper records,youth has drawn3 on either art or life for models,planning to emulate4 the heroes depicted5 in epics,on the shadow-play screen or the stage,or those known human beings,fathers or grandfathers,chiefs or craftsmen,whose every characteristic can be studied and imitated.As recently as 1910,this was the prevailing6 condition in the United States.If he came from a nonliterate backbround,the recent immigrant learned to speak,move,and think like an American by using his eyes and ears on the labor8 line and in the homes of more acculturated cousins,by watching school children,or by absorbing the standards of the teacher,the foreman,the clerk who served him in the store.For the literate7 and the literate children of the nonliterate,three was art-the story of the frustrated9 artist in the prairie town,of the second generation battling with the limitations of the first.And at a simpler level,there were the Western nad Hollywood fairty tales which pointed10 a moral but did not,as a rule,teach table manners.With the development of the countermovement against Hollywood,with the efllorescence of photography,with Time-Life-Fortune types of reporting and the dead-pan New Yorker manner of describing the life of and old-clothes dealer11 in a forgotten street or of presenting the "accurate","checked"details of the lives of people whose eminence12 gave at least a sort of license13 to attack them,with the passion for "human documents"in Depression days-a necessary substitute for proletarian art among middle-class writers who knew nothing about proletarians,and middle-class readers who needed the shock of verisimilitude-a new era in American life was ushered14 in,the era in which young people imitated neither life nor art nor fairy tale,but instead were presented with models draw from life with minimal15 but crucial distortions.Doctored life histories,posed carelessness,"candid"shots of people in their own homes which took hours to arrange,pictures shot from real life to scripts written months before-supplemented by national polls and surveys which assured the reader that this bobby-soxe did indeed represent a national norm or a growing trend-replaced the older models.
[08:38.79]21.This article is based on the idea that_. A.people today do not look for models to imitate B.people generally pattern their lives after models C.who we emulate is not important D.heroes are passe
[08:37.79]22.The nonliterate immigrant became Americanized by observation of those around him and by_. A.undergoing a formal educative process B.accepting the standards of those with whom he came is contact C.emulating16 traditional American heroes D.participating is the democratic experiment
[08:36.79]23.Stories of the second generation battling with the limitations of the first were often responsible for_. A.inspiring literate immigrants B.frustrating17 educated immigrants C.preventing the assimilation of immigrants D.instilling18 into immigrants an antagonistic19 attitude toward their forebears
[08:35.79]24.Watching movies,children of immigrants probably learned_. A.that good conquers evil B.table maners C.courting habits D.the real American way of life
[08:34.79]25.Characteristic of modern journalistic methods was the type of reporting with_. A.became increasingly analytical20 rather than merely descriptive B.gave currency to the notion that conformity21 is desirable C.attacked the status quo D.supported its stories to be completely objective and factual
[08:33.79]Passage Two
[08:32.79]Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
[08:31.79]The food irradiation process is a simple one.The new U.S.plant,Vindicator of Florida Incorporated in Mulberry,Fla.,uses a material called cobalt 60 to irradiate food.Cobalt 60 is radioactive isotope22(form)of the metallic23 element cobalt.Cobalt 60,which gives off radiation in the form of gamma rays,is also used for radiation therapy for cancer patients and for sterilizing24 hospital equipment.The radioactive isotope is created by bombarding cobalt with subatomic particles in a nuclear reactor25.However,irradiation plants do not themselves contain nuclear reactors26.In the irradiation plant,food is exposed to thin rods of cobalt 60.The rods give off gamma rays,which disrupt chemical processes in contaminating organisms.The disruption breaks down the cell walls of organisms or destroys their genetic27 material.The dose,set by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA),is enough to kill organisms on food,but not enough to produce significant changes in the food itself.Although irradiation slightly decreases the nutritive value of foods,the loss is less than that produced by some other methods of food preservation28.Canning,for example,results in a much greater loss of nutrients29.Those who object to irradiation say that the process may create substances not found in nonirradiated food.Since the 1960's researchers have studied irradiated food at microscopic30 levels to try to find such substances,called unique radiolytic products.After reviewing these sutdies,the FDA determined31 that compounds formed during irratiation are similar to substance found in nonirradiated foods and are not dangerous to consume.Destruction of micro-organisms that cause illness is an important goal of irradiation.About 25 million cases of food poisoning or 1 per person-occur every year in the U.S.,according to FDA estimates.Food poisoning can cause vomiting,diarrhea,fever,headache-and,occasionally,death.Because of the apparent safety of food irradiation,and the problems presented by contaminated food,scientific groups-including the Amercian Medical Association,the World Health Organization,and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Association-have voiced nearly universal support for the process.Worldwide,38 nations have approved irradiation for 355 products.Like microwave ovens,food irradiation has aroused apprehension32 and misunderstanding.Yet it has been scrutinized33 more thoroughly34 than other methods of food treatment that we have come to regard as safe,and it appears to be a method whose time has come.
[08:30.79]26.Cobalt 60,besides irradiating food,is also employed to_. A.detect metallic flaws B.run a nuclear reactor C.cure cancer patients D.strengthen concrete walls
[08:29.79]27.Gamma rays used to irradiate food_. A.are generally not strong enough to destroy contaminating organisms B.do not bring about significant changes in the food itself C.may destroy some of the nutrients in the food D.should be submited to FDA for approval
[08:28.79]28.Irradiated food_. A.certainly loses its nutritive value B.maintains its nutritive value no different from the nonirradiated C.keeps its nutritive value better than canned food. D.is recommended as the best of all preserved foods
[08:27.79]29.With cases of food poisoning increasing,_. A.food irradiation should be carried out with care B.it is more urgent to irradiate foods C.medical researches into treatment of the diseased should be strengthened D.Americans are beginning to accept food irradiation
[08:26.79]30.The passage may be taken from_. A.a news report B.a textbook of food processing C.a book of popular science D.a manual of food irradiation
[08:25.79]Passage Three
[08:24.79]Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
[08:23.79]The desire for achievement is one of life's great mysteries.Social scientists have devoted35 lifetimes to studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning,compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavor.Indeed,a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation.Given his diversity of thought,it's easy to forget that for a half century,American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism,or Skinnerian psychology36.Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of "positive reinforcement"have long since lost their sway in academic circles,the Skinnerian legacy37 remains38 powerful is every realm of daily life,from the home and classroom to the workplace.Don't want to take the trash out?Do it,and you can go to the movies Friday night.Not in the mood for work?Keep Plugging away,and you might get a bonus.Not interested in calculus39?Strive for an A in the class,and you'll make the honor roll.The theory may be bankrupt,but incentives41 and rewards are so much a part of American culture that it's hard to imagine life without them.Yet that's exactly what a growing group of researchers are advocating today.A steady stream of research has found that rather than encouraging motivation and productivity,rewards actually can undermine genuine interest and diminish performance."Our society is caught in a whopping paradox,"asserts Alfie Kohn,author of the new book Punished by Rewards(Houghton Mifflin),which surveys recent on the effectiveness of rewards."We complain loudly about declining productivity,the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children.But the very strategy we use to solve those problems_dangling rewards like incentive40 plans and grade and candy bars in front of people-is partly responsible for the fix we're in."It's tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success.Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform worse,to give up more easily and to lose interest more quickly when a reward is involved.Children who are given treats for doing artwork,for example,lose their initial love of art within weeks.Teenagers who are promised a reward for tutoring youngsters don't teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing.And chief executive officers who have been awarded long-term incentive plans have often steered42 their companies toward lower returns.
[08:22.79]31.According to behaviorism,all human actions_. A.are based on stimulus43 and response B.have no bearing on human drives C.are supposed to be highly motivated D.are of a great mystery
[08:21.79]32.Behaviorism basically believes in_. A.motivation B.performance C.rewards D.human factors
[08:20.79]33.In Paragraph 2,"calculus"probably refers to "_". A.a course B.a sport C.a kind of public service D.a position in the student union
[08:19.79]34.From the passage,it can be inferred that_. A.rewards are highly effective in America B.rewards are not much sought-after in academic circles C.rewards have long lost their appeal in American society D.Americans are addicted44 to rewards
[08:18.79]35.Which of the following is in support of the finding that 'people tend to perforn worse,...when a reward is involved'(last paragraph)? A.People are not used to being conditioned by prizes. B.Rewards,like punishments,are attempts to control behavior. C.Rewards are so indispensable to American culture. D.The principle of "positive reinforcement"is not fully45 enforced.
[08:17.79]Passage Four
[08:16.79]Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
[08:15.79]Visitors to Britain are often surprised to find that the weather is almost inexhausible topic of conversation.This is because there is always an element of surprise in the British climate.In some countries,people can put away their raincoats for several months and let out their fires during the burning heat of the summer.Not so in England,where we never know from one day to the next what is in store for us.One year,we had a spell of very hot weather is early June and decided46 to spend the weekend at the seaside.I packed the suitcases and got the children ready to leave.When at last everything was in the car I sat down in the front seat,hot and tired,and gradually revived in the pleasant,cool breeze as my husband drove towards the coast.For the first few miles I thought happily of sea and sand and peace.But not for long,the sky began to cloud over and by the time we arrived it was a leaden grey.We hoped that the sun would shine next day.Saturday was dismal47 and wet,with a cold wind which reminded us sharply of winter.We sat round the fire playing indoor games.The following day was still chilly,wet and unfriendly.Perhaps the English have had to develop a sort of ingenuity48 in dealing49 with the unexpected,an ingenuity which would be quite unnecessary in more predictable climates.There is an old story of a Devonshire man who was caught in a heavy storm when he was crossing part of Dartmoor with a friend,on his way to wedding.They were miles from any shelter;there was not even a tree in sight.They had set out in bright sunshine and had thought the weather was set fair,but when they were far from all habitation black clouds began to build up in the sky and it became clear that a storm was threatening.There was nothing in sight but rocks and low bushes and the men were wearing only suits,with no means of protecting themselves from the coming rain.One of them had an idea;he underssed and put everything neatly50 folded under a large rock.His friend,more cautious,thought he had gone mad,but as the first big drops of rain gave a steady downpour,he began to wish that he had done the same,especially when his companion who had dried off in the hot sun which followd the shower,finished the journey in a quite presentable suit,while his own clothes were as damp and shapeless as if he had spent the night in a very wet ditch.
[08:14.79]36.What is it about the weather that often surprises visitors to Britain? A.It is an interesting topic. B.People talk a lot about it. C.It is so changeable. D.It is an exhausting climate.
[08:13.79]37.People can put away their raincoats for several months.Which of the expressions below is nearest in meaning to this? A.They will not need their raincoats. B.In never rains once. C.People will need their raincoats very little. D.There is a very small rainfall.
[08:12.79]38.Why did they play indoor games? A.They enjoyed sitting round a fire in the open air. B.Because there was no one to play with on the beach. C.To keep themselves occupied. D.They were frightened of the dogs.
[08:11.79]39.Black clouds began to build up in the sky and it became clear that a storm was threatening."It became clear"means:"_". A.It was obvious B.The sky became lighter51 C.The sky became clear for a moment D.It got less cloudy for a moment
[08:10.79]40.There was nothing in sight but rocks and low bushes.This sentence means: A.They could see rocks and low bushes. B.They didn't recognize rocks and low bushes. C.The rocks and bushes were there but they couldn't see them. D.They couldn't see them because it became so dark.
[08:09.79]Vocabulary (20 minutes)
[08:08.79]Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences is this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
[08:07.79]41.The rise of violence in football matches is_by the expansion of professional football into the whole country. A.supported B.provided C.accompanied D.supplied
[08:06.79]42.He has never done anything against law,ever for such a minor_as breaking a window of his neighbours. A.error B.crime C.sin D.offense52
[08:05.79]43.For the girls there are"domestic arts",a new phrase for cooking,sewing and other housewifely_. A.chores B.homework C.jobs D.assignments
[08:04.79]44.Shrewd managers of factories asked that vocational education be_to meet their immediate53 employment needs. A.cut B.tailored C.turned D.shifted
[08:03.79]45.American boys and girls,with_and part-time jobs now have an annual purchasing power of four billion dollars. A.wages B.salaries C.allowances D.incomes
[08:02.79]46.Those businessmen are engaged in fierce competition.Yet they remain free from strain and_. A.pressure B.weight C.oppression D.depression
[08:01.79]47.The policeman only_the thief with his club he did not really hit the thief. A.poked54 B.punched C.punished D.patted
[08:00.79]48.The experiments proved the_that men and women speak differently. A.findings B.prescription55 C.hypothesis D.idea
[07:59.79]49.I flipped56 through the book and found that it was very interesting so I bought it without any_. A.resolution B.hesitation57 C.discussion D.decision
[07:58.79]50.Leaves are not_randomly on a plant stem,but are arranged in a very precise way that assures the maximum light. A.scattered58 B.organized C.distributed D.allocated59
[07:57.79]51.Ships passing on the high seas_salutes by lowering and raising their flags once. A.avoided B.suggested C.shouted D.exchanged
[07:56.79]52.The prison governor said that what the prisoner had requested was unfortunately not_. A.pardonable B.recognizable C.permissible60 D.capable
[07:55.79]53.The success of the film shows that the reviewers's fears were entirely_. A.unjustified B.misguided C.misunderstood D.misplaced
[07:54.79]54.It was suggested that all government ministers should be forced to_information on their financial interests. A.uncover B.disclose C.admit D.confess
[07:53.79]55.We covered a wide_of topics in the interview. A.extent B.extention C.number D.range
[07:52.79]56.What you say is true,but you could have_is more politely. A.talked B.informed C.phrased D.remarked
[07:51.79]57.Education is_for all children in most countries of the world. A.classic B.compulsory61 C.hateful D.invalid62
[07:50.79]58.In World War II the Allies suffered a long_of defeats before they finally achieved victory. A.succession B.compression C.suppression D.streamline63
[07:49.79]59.It was a long time before the cut on my hand_completely. A.healed B.sank C.improved D.recovered
[07:48.79]60.He's trying to_all the supporters he can obtain for the political party he's formed. A.paralyze B.mechanize C.standardize64 D.mobilize
[07:47.79]61.Reforms too long delayed have_peace,undermined democracy and swept away civil liberty. A.jeopardized65 B.harmonized C.amplified66 D.theorized
[07:46.79]62.You keep_the same subject,and I've asked you not to mention it again. A.bringing out B.bringing up C.bringing back D.bringing about
[07:45.79]63.Tornados67 can do harm to people and property,and their_power lies in the physical damage they can do. A.accumulative B.overwhelming C.destructive D.prevalent
[07:44.79]64.The book had a great_on its readers. A.affection B.stroke C.contentment D.impact
[07:43.79]65.Being given a B.A.degree marked a_in his career. A.milestone68 B.yardstick69 C.millstone D.signpost
[07:42.79]66.I_with him to abandon the ship before it was too late. A.appealed B.claimed C.get begged D.pleaded
[07:41.79]67.The use of standard components70 makes easier_when they are worn. A.replacement71 B.placement C.repair D.modification72
[07:40.79]68.In most countries,the metric system has been_for all measurement. A.adapted B.applied73 C.employed D.adopted
[07:39.79]69.Supposing that international agreement could be obtained to mitigate74 these difficulties,what is the proper policy to_? A.look for B.use C.pursue D.consider
[07:38.79]70.Even though the evidence is overwhelming,if one juror is still_ ,the case must be retried.
[07:37.79]Error Correction (20 minutes)
[07:36.79]Directions:This part consists of a short passage.In this passage,there are altogether 10 mistakes,one in each numbered line.You may have to change a word,add a word or delete a word.Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.If you change a word,cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank.If you add a word,put an insertion mark in the right place and write the missing word in the blank.If you delete a word,cross it out and put a slash75 in the blan
[07:35.79]71.Doctors tell us not to smoke;but lots of people smoke tobacco every day.Long ago,no one in Europe was smoked;the tobacco plant was unknown ther
[07:34.79]72.It grew in America,and Chistopher Columbus found it there.Later he returned Europe and told everyone about tobacco.
[07:33.79]73.He said that the American Indians often smoked that.
[07:32.79]74.One way of smoking was this:the American Indians threw some tobacco leaves with fire.Then they put long tubes in their mouths.
[07:31.79]75.The other ends of the tubes were over the fire;so they were able to draw the smoke from their mouths.
[07:30.79]76.About the year 1560,a Frenchman,Jean Nicot,was living in Lisbon,Portugal.He was very interesting in all American plants;
[07:29.79]77.some of them were very different than the plants of Europe.
[07:28.79]78.He(and other men too)used the leaves of the tobacco plant to cure pain.If a porson had a bad pain in a leg or an arm,Nicot put tobacco leaves on the painless place.
[07:27.79]79.He tried to cure the pain in thatway.Besides,we say not that tobacco contains nicotine76.
[07:26.79]80.A word nicotine comes from this man's name.
[07:25.79]Writing (30 minutes)
[07:24.79]Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 write a letter to apply for the admission to an American university for further study.Your composition should be at least no less than 120 words.
[07:23.79]A Letter for Application
[07:22.79]1.A 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.C
[07:21.79]11.B 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.D
[07:20.79]21.B 22.B 23.A 24.A 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.C 29.C 30.D
[07:19.79]31.A 32.C 33.A 34.D 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.C 39.A 40.A
[07:18.79]41.C 42.D 43.A 44.B 45.C 46.A 47.A 48.C 49.B 50.C
[07:17.79]51.D 52.C 53.A 54.B 55.D 56.C 57.B 58.A 59.A 60.D
[07:16.79]61.A 62.B 63.C 64.D 65.A 66.D 67.A 68.D 69.C 70.C
[07:15.79]71.was smoked-smoked 72.returned Europe-returned to Europe 73.that-is 74.with-on 75.from-into
[07:14.79]76.interesting-interested 77.than-from 78.painless-painful 79.Besides-So/Therefore 80.A-The
[07:13.79]Writing September 20,2000 Dear sir:I am an undergraduate student at Southeast University,Nanjing,China.I wish to go to the United States for advanced studies in my major-computer science.By next summer,I shall have graduated.Therefore,I am now beginning to gather information about American universities with reference to the possibility of a scholarship.I understand most American universities offer various kinds of scholarships,but I am not sure which one I should apply to.For reasons you understand I hope to apply to one in a locality where living expenses are comparatively low.That is why I make bold to write to you,requesting your kindness in supplying me as much information as lies within your knowledge.I hope you will kindly77 do what you can and give me a reply at your earliest convenience. Yours faithfully Wang Lin
收听单词发音 |
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seafood
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| n.海产食品，海味，海鲜 | |
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recording
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| n.录音，记录 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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emulate
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| v.努力赶上或超越，与…竞争；效仿 | |
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depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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literate
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| n.学者；adj.精通文学的，受过教育的 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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frustrated
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| adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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11
dealer
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| n.商人，贩子 | |
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12
eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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13
license
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| n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许 | |
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ushered
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| v.引，领，陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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minimal
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| adj.尽可能少的，最小的 | |
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emulating
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| v.与…竞争( emulate的现在分词 )；努力赶上；计算机程序等仿真；模仿 | |
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frustrating
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| adj.产生挫折的，使人沮丧的，令人泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的现在分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧 | |
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18
instilling
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| v.逐渐使某人获得（某种可取的品质），逐步灌输( instil的现在分词 )；逐渐使某人获得（某种可取的品质），逐步灌输( instill的现在分词 ) | |
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19
antagonistic
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| adj.敌对的 | |
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analytical
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| adj.分析的；用分析法的 | |
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21
conformity
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| n.一致，遵从，顺从 | |
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isotope
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| n.同位素 | |
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metallic
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| adj.金属的；金属制的；含金属的；产金属的；像金属的 | |
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sterilizing
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| v.消毒( sterilize的现在分词 )；使无菌；使失去生育能力；使绝育 | |
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reactor
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| n.反应器；反应堆 | |
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reactors
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| 起反应的人( reactor的名词复数 )； 反应装置； 原子炉； 核反应堆 | |
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genetic
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| adj.遗传的，遗传学的 | |
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preservation
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| n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持 | |
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nutrients
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| n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 ) | |
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microscopic
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| adj.微小的，细微的，极小的，显微的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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scrutinized
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| v.仔细检查，详审( scrutinize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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psychology
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| n.心理，心理学，心理状态 | |
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legacy
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| n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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calculus
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| n.微积分；结石 | |
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incentive
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| n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机 | |
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incentives
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| 激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机 | |
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steered
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| v.驾驶( steer的过去式和过去分词 )；操纵；控制；引导 | |
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stimulus
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| n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物 | |
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addicted
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| adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的 | |
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45
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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49
dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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52
offense
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| n.犯规，违法行为；冒犯，得罪 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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poked
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| v.伸出( poke的过去式和过去分词 )；戳出；拨弄；与（某人）性交 | |
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prescription
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| n.处方，开药；指示，规定 | |
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56
flipped
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| 轻弹( flip的过去式和过去分词 )； 按（开关）； 快速翻转； 急挥 | |
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57
hesitation
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| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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58
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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allocated
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| adj. 分配的 动词allocate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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60
permissible
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| adj.可允许的，许可的 | |
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61
compulsory
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| n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的 | |
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62
invalid
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| n.病人，伤残人；adj.有病的，伤残的；无效的 | |
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63
streamline
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| vt.使成流线型；使简化；使现代化 | |
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64
standardize
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| v.使符合标准，使标准化 | |
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65
jeopardized
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| 危及，损害( jeopardize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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66
amplified
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| 放大，扩大( amplify的过去式和过去分词 )； 增强； 详述 | |
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67
tornados
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| n.龙卷风，旋风( tornado的名词复数 ) | |
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68
milestone
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| n.里程碑；划时代的事件 | |
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69
yardstick
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| n.计算标准，尺度；评价标准 | |
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70
components
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| （机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分 | |
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71
replacement
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| n.取代，替换，交换；替代品，代用品 | |
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72
modification
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| n.修改，改进，缓和，减轻 | |
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73
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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74
mitigate
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| vt.（使）减轻，（使）缓和 | |
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75
slash
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| vi.大幅度削减；vt.猛砍，尖锐抨击，大幅减少；n.猛砍，斜线，长切口，衣衩 | |
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76
nicotine
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| n.(化)尼古丁，烟碱 | |
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77
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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