英语PK台 第545期:零基础学英语时态(10)

 　　过去将来完成时

　　过去将来完成时表示从过去观点看将来某时某动作已完成。这个时态用得相对比较少，通常主要用于转述方面，即用于第三条件句及间接引语中。这个时态有三大主要用法，各用法之间无太大关联，学习这个时态，建议学习者着重把握第一个用法，即时态。

　　回忆一下，在学习过的虚拟语气中，是否遇到过would+have+过去分词结构。在第三大用法中，会再见到这个结构。

　　热身：表达过去的虚拟，结构是：if+（had+过去分词)，主句谓语则通常用（would+have+过去分词）

　　过去将来完成时的三大用法

　　（一）表时态

　　1. 表示从过去某一时间来看将来某时会已经完成的动作

　　I thought Sophia would have told you something.

　　我想索菲娅会已告诉你一些情况。

　　He knew by the time he arrived she would have gone home.

　　在他到时他才知道她已经回家了。

　　He said he would have done with my camera by the end of next month.

　　他说到下月底就不用我的照相机了。

　　I guessed that Mother would have made some sandwiches by the time we got back.

　　我猜我们回来时妈妈已经做好一些三明治了。

　　The day was drawing near when we would have completed the reservoir¹.

　　我们建成水库的日子不远了。

　　（二）表情态

　　2. “would + have + 过去分词”的情态用法，would 后接完成式除用于构成过去将来完成时外，它还有其情态动词用法的一面

　　Only somebody with a small mind would have refused to help.

　　只有心胸狭窄的人才不肯帮助别人。（表推测）

　　Few men would have bared their soul to a woman as he had.

　　很少有男人能像他一样对一个女人敞开心扉。（表怀疑）

　　I'm surprised you didn't like the film. I would have thought it was just your kind of thing.

　　你不喜欢这部电影，这让我感到奇怪。我本来还觉得正对你的路呢。（表过去的想法）

　　My father would have driven me to Cornwall, but we decided² it would be quicker by train.

　　父亲原本要开车送我去康沃尔，但我们还是觉得坐火车更快。（表过去的想法）

　　The scar³ added interest to a face that otherwise would have appeared too bland⁴.

　　这处伤疤为本显得平淡无奇的脸增添了些吸引力。（表示未曾发生的情况）

　　（三）用于虚拟

　　3. 用于虚拟语气中,若表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，此时条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），而主句谓语则通常用过去完成时（would+have+过去分词），当然，主句谓语也可根据情况使用“should (could, might)+have+过去分词”

　　If I'd left sooner, I'd have been on time.

　　要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。（但我动身太迟了）

　　If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.

　　要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。（可惜我们找到他太晚了）

　　If I had known that you were coming I would have met you at the air-port.

　　要是我早知道你要来的话，我就会在机场接你了。

　　If he had lived, some day Michael would have done something important.

　　假定麦克尔当时在世的话，他本可做出了不起的事。

　　If I had known how he felt, I would never have let him adopt those children.

　　我要是知道他的想法，我是决不会让他领养那些孩子的。

　　He would have forgotten the boy's birthday if you hadn't reminded him.

　　要不是你提醒他，他会忘记这男孩的生日的。

　　Our lives would have been greatly impoverished⁵ if we had not known our dear friend.

　　若不是得识我们这位好朋友，我们的生活一定十分不妙。

1 reservoir   

n.水库，蓄水池；(人才等的)储藏，汇集

参考例句：

• The town is supplied with water from a reservoir.该城镇由小山中的一座水库供水。
• A large quantity of water is stored in the reservoir.水库存了大量的水。

2 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

3 scar   

n.伤疤，伤痕，创伤

参考例句：

• This scar is from the bite of a dog.这是狗咬后留下的伤疤。
• The tragedy left a scar on her mind.这个悲剧给她造成精神上的创伤。

4 bland   

adj.淡而无味的，温和的，无刺激性的

参考例句：

• He eats bland food because of his stomach trouble.他因胃病而吃清淡的食物。
• This soup is too bland for me.这汤我喝起来偏淡。

5 impoverished   

adj.穷困的，无力的，用尽了的v.使（某人）贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 )；使（某物）贫瘠或恶化

参考例句：

• the impoverished areas of the city 这个城市的贫民区
• They were impoverished by a prolonged spell of unemployment. 他们因长期失业而一贫如洗。 来自《简明英汉词典》