英语PK台 第637期:2017最新四级考题破解(1)

 阅读分项讲解——2017真题解析

“女权话题你能HOLD住吗？”

1.仔细阅读：定位非常关键

此部分也应先看题目后看文章。根据出题顺序与行文顺序一致的原则，确定答案所在的大体段落。

较难题目中都会出现题干与原文同义替换的情况，那么该同义替换的句子很可能就是定位句，那么答案就在定位句的相邻句子中。

当两个选项无法完全确定时，重新审题，比对两个选项与定位句的意思，同义替换的选项或与原文主旨一致的选项可能是正确答案。

此外，转折对比处、举例处、因果关系处、定义结论处、比较级/最高级处、特殊标点处（破折号、括号、冒号、引号、分号等）都极有可能是设题的地方，着重注意。

2.保8战四大略：

(1) 选择性阅读：找关键词，信息段

(2) 目的性阅读：带着问题读文章，丢不了

(3) 题文同序阅读，节奏要找准

(4) 曲解未提要当心，遇到都不能选

四级仔细阅读答题技巧：

(1) 细节题

在做细节题时，首先应当仔细阅读题目，弄清题目的具体要求，以及所给4个选项，然后在题目或选项中确定关键词，再利用关键词回文章中定位，找出文章中相对应的细节性句子，与4个选项进行对照，以确定正确答案。

(2) 主旨题

首先要确定文章有无主题句，以及主题句在文章中的位置。文章的主题句通常位于首段或尾段，有时也出现在文章的中间段落。段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾，有时也在段落的中间。

(3) 推理题

推理题在大学英语四级考试阅读理解中是比较难的一类试题，切忌主观臆断，推理必须基于文章中的具体事实细节。做题时虽不能直接找到答案，但一定要在文中找到推测的依据，进行合理严密的推断。

(4) 观点态度题

在回答态度类问题时，对文章体裁的考查是一个非常重要的方面。一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在议论文中，作者的观点才会显得多种多样。

真题来了+名师讲解

Part III Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section C

Why Saying No At Work Can Further Your Career And Improve Your Health

题干及选项

51. What does the author say is the problem with women?

作者表述女性的问题是什么？

A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.

B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.

C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.

D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.

52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?

为何生育年龄阶段的女性容易感到疲惫？

A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.

B) They are too devoted¹ to work and unable to relax as a result.

C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.

D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.

53. What may hinder the future prospects² of career women?

什么可能阻碍职场女性的前景？

A) Their unwillingness³ to say "no". 

B) Their desire to be considered powerful.

C) An underestimate of their own ability.

D) A lack of courage to face challenges.

54. Men and women differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that .

男性和女性在处理职场冲突的时候有何不同？

A) women tend to be easily satisfied 

B) men are generally more persuasive 

C) men tend to put their personal interests first

D) women are much more ready to compromise 

55. What is important to a good leader?

对一个好的领导来说什么是重要的？

A) A dominant⁴ personality. 

B) The ability to delegate. 

C) The courage to admit failure. 

D) A strong sense of responsibility.

It's time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.

是时候重新评估一下女性是如何在工作中处理冲突的。（51）工作过度或是过于受家庭约束都不会让你得到想要的生活。这只会让你减速并且影响自己的职业目标。

51题

[题眼] 由题干中的the problem with women定位到第一段第二三句：Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.

[超详解] 推理判断题。文中第一段第二三句指出，过度工作或是过于受家庭所累都会让女性步伐减慢并且影响置业发展，这两种“过度”可以总结为女性承担超出自己能力范围之外的任务，故答案为D）。

Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted⁵? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling "very tired" or "exhausted", according to a recent study.

你是否知道女性要比男性更容易感到疲惫？根据最新的一项研究，18至44岁的人群中比男性多出两倍的女性指出感到“非常累”或是“精疲力竭”。

第二段

未出现任何题干信息

This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able to do it all—volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals—and so their answer to any request is often "Yes, I can."

（52）考虑到（given that）这正是女性生孩子的年龄阶段，这一结论并不让人感到惊讶。这同样也是女性试图平衡事业和家庭的年龄段。女性会感到疲惫的一个原因是她们很难说“不”。女性们想要无所不能—志愿服务于学校的派对亦或是做出美味的餐食—因此她们对于所有要求的应答都是“是的，我可以。”

52题

[题眼] 由题干中的childbearing age和feel drained of energy定位到第三段第一二句：This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home.

[超详解] 推理判断题。文中第三段第一二句指出，18至44岁的年龄段是女性生育孩子的阶段，同时也是女性努力平衡事业和家庭的阶段，结合上段内容可知，这一年龄段的女性尤其容易感到疲惫。因此可知女性感到疲惫的原因是有了孩子之后，需要顾全工作和家庭双方的利益，故答案为A）。

Women struggle to say "no" in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.

女性们很难在职场说“不”的原因类似，这包括希望被她们的同事所喜爱。（53）不幸的是，这种很难说“不”的能力会对女性们的健康和事业带来伤害。

53题

53. A)。[题眼] 由题干中的hinder和career women定位到第四段第二句：Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.

[超详解] 语义理解题。根据第四段第二句，从不说“不”的习惯会给女性带来健康以及事业上的阻碍。故答案为A）。

At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there's a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over who should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem—even if that means doing the boring work themselves.

在工作中，男性会借助这种冲突来安置自己，而女性们则往往避免冲突或努力成为和事佬，因为她们不想被别人认为是野心勃勃或是容易坏事。比如，有一个亟待解决的问题，对于谁来解决它有争议。（54）男性们往往会站在最为利己的角度去面对这种问题，而女性们则会用最简单和快捷的方式去应对同样的问题——即使这意味着她们需要自己承担无聊的工作。

54题

[题眼]由题干中的differ和resolving workplace conflicts定位到第五段第三句：

Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most…

[超详解] 语义理解题。文中第五段第三句指出，男性们往往会站在自己的立场上去应对职业和家庭的冲突，更多地考虑自身利益，故答案为C）。

This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely—including staff expertise⁶. Shouldering more of the workload⁷ may not earn you that promotion⁸. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.

这种对待冲突的不同举动会成为谁被晋升而谁又不被晋升的决定因素（deciding factor）。（55）领导们需要有能力去明智地委派或是管理资源——包括员工技术。承担更多的工作任务并不会给你带来晋升，这只会突显你对于有效授权委托的无能。

55题

55. B)。[题眼]由题干中的important和good leader定位到第六段第二句：Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely—including staff expertise.

[超详解] 语义理解题。文中第六段第二句指出，领导们需要有能力去明智地委派或是管理资源，也就是要有委托授权职责的能力，故答案为B）。

1 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

2 prospects   

n.希望，前途(恒为复数)

参考例句：

• There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
• They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。

3 unwillingness   

n. 不愿意，不情愿

参考例句：

• Her unwillingness to answer questions undermined the strength of her position. 她不愿回答问题，这不利于她所处的形势。
• His apparent unwillingness would disappear if we paid him enough. 如果我们付足了钱，他露出的那副不乐意的神情就会消失。

4 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

5 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

6 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

7 workload   

n.作业量，工作量

参考例句：

• An assistant one day a week would ease my workload.每周有一天配一个助手就会减轻我的工作负担。
• He's always grousing about the workload.他总是抱怨工作量大。

8 promotion   

n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传

参考例句：

• The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
• The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。