英语听力精选进阶版 6026

It has been fifteen years since pioneering British computer programmer, Sir Tim Berners-Lee, created the protocols¹ which power the World Wide Web. But could he have ever imagined how much the web would transform our lives?

And would he approve of how some British students are taking advantage of his invention?

Universities and exam boards around the UK are becoming increasingly concerned with the rising number of cases of plagiarism², many of which are facilitated by internet access.

In the UK most school and university students complete coursework throughout the academic year which contributes towards their final mark. In many cases coursework makes up the bulk of the qualification. Since coursework is completed in the student’s own time it cannot be monitored by teachers in the same way as an exam.

Derec Stockley, director of examinations in the UK, explains, “Plagiarism affects coursework more than external exam conditions, and in the cases that come to our attention, more and more are linked to the internet.

At a university level recent reports suggest that plagiarism has evolved from isolated³ cases of individual cheating to a systematic⁴ and even commercial operation. Students can now pay for bespoke⁵ essays to be written for them by experts.

It is estimated that the market in online plagiarism is now worth ￡200 million a year. Every month more and more websites offering to write students’ essays for them appear on the internet.

Barclay Littlewood, owner of Degree Essays UK employs 3,500 specialist writers and charges between ￡120 and ￡4,000 per essay. However, Mr Littlewood refutes the accusation⁶ that he is helping⁷ students to cheat.

He says that although students receive an essay that answers their exact question, “They then have to go and do their research outside our piece, formulate⁸ their own opinions, look at their own reference and write the creative and original piece which is distant from ours."

GLOSSARY 词汇表

pioneering 先驱

protocols 草案, 协议  

approve 赞成, 批准  

taking advantage 利用…之便; 利用…优势 

exam boards 考试委员会 

plagiarism 剽窃, 剽窃物  

facilitated 使容易, 使便利 

coursework 功课, 作业 

contributes 捐助, 贡献 

makes up the bulk 占大多数的   

monitored 监控

director of examinations 考试委员会委员长   

evolved (使)发展, (使)进化

isolated cases 孤立事件  

commercial operation 商业运作 

bespoke essays“定做”的论文 

charges 收费

research 研究, 调查

refutes the accusation 反驳指控

formulate their own opinions 阐述自己的观点

1 protocols   

n.礼仪( protocol的名词复数 )；（外交条约的）草案；（数据传递的）协议；科学实验报告（或计划）

参考例句：

• There are also protocols on the testing of nuclear weapons. 也有关于核武器试验的协议。 来自辞典例句
• Hardware components and software design of network transport protocols are separately introduced. 介绍系统硬件组成及网络传输协议的软件设计。 来自互联网

2 plagiarism   

n.剽窃，抄袭

参考例句：

• Teachers in America fight to control cheating and plagiarism.美国老师们努力对付欺骗和剽窃的问题。
• Now he's in real trouble.He's accused of plagiarism.现在他是真遇到麻烦了。他被指控剽窃。

3 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

4 systematic   

adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的

参考例句：

• The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
• The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。

5 bespoke   

adj.（产品）订做的；专做订货的v.预定( bespeak的过去式 )；订（货）；证明；预先请求

参考例句：

• His style of dressing bespoke great self-confidence. 他的衣着风格显得十分自信。
• The haberdasher presented a cap, saying,"Here is the cap your worship bespoke." 帽匠拿出一顶帽子来说：“这就是老爷您定做的那顶。” 来自辞典例句

6 accusation   

n.控告，指责，谴责

参考例句：

• I was furious at his making such an accusation.我对他的这种责备非常气愤。
• She knew that no one would believe her accusation.她知道没人会相信她的指控。

7 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

8 formulate   

v.用公式表示；规划；设计；系统地阐述

参考例句：

• He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌，清楚地做了回答。
• I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。