英语听力精选进阶版 6438

What did you want to be when you were growing up? A teacher? A doctor? An astronaut? What do you need to do to achieve your dream job?

Perhaps you think that studying well and then going on to work hard will get you the career you want. We are constantly taught that our hard work will eventually pay off.

But a government survey has shown that hard work is not the only thing that will help you to move up the ladder. Two thirds of people believe that who you know matters more than what you know when it comes to social mobility¹. So are the connections that you have more important than your education?

Seventy six per cent of people in the survey believed that family background is important in influencing your chances of success. They believe that if you are privileged² from birth, you are more likely to have a successful career, especially if your family is wealthy. Are some people just handed life on a plate?

Even if you don't have a privileged background, the people you know can still make a difference to your career. Networking is a skill which is encouraged by many careers advisers³. Some companies run networking workshops to try and encourage staff to meet other people, to communicate and build relationships. It’s a valuable skill.

But the survey also revealed⁴ something quite interesting. Although most people believed that networks are more important than education, many people put their own career success down to talent, rather than background. 41% of people said that their parents' income had influenced their life, but at the same time, another 41% believed that they had engineered their own success.

So which is the more important, what you know or who you know? It seems that by working hard and making lots of connections, the answer may be that both are very important.

Quiz 测验

1. What phrase means 'to improve your social status'?

To move up the ladder.

2. What adjective⁵ means 'having an advantage'?

Privileged.

3. Is this statement true or false? Three quarters of people believe that family background influences your success in life.

True.

4. What do some careers advisers encourage people to do?

To network.

5. What percentage of people feel that they are responsible for their own success?

41%.

Glossary 词汇表

dream job 理想工作

pay off 得到回报

to move up the ladder 向上走

social mobility 社会流动性

connections 关系

family background 家庭背景

influencing 影响

privileged 享受特别待遇的，幸运的

wealthy 富有的

on a plate 现成的

networking 交际

careers advisers 就业指导员

workshops 研习班

to communicate 交流

relationships 关系

networks 关系网

talent 才华，能力

income 收入

engineered 安排，策划

1 mobility   

n.可动性，变动性，情感不定

参考例句：

• The difference in regional house prices acts as an obstacle to mobility of labour.不同地区房价的差异阻碍了劳动力的流动。
• Mobility is very important in guerrilla warfare.机动性在游击战中至关重要。

2 privileged   

adj.享有特权的；特许的，专用的；秘密的，保密的；幸运的

参考例句：

• Those in authority were in a privileged position. 有地位者自有特权。
• a privileged Wasp background 享有特权的盎格鲁&dash1;撒克逊裔白人新教徒出身

3 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

4 revealed   

v.显示( reveal的过去式和过去分词 )；揭示；泄露；[神学]启示

参考例句：

• They revealed to me that the experiment had failed. 他们向我透露试验失败了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His insincerity is revealed by the quick goggle of his eyes. 他眼睛的快速转动泄露了他的不诚。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 adjective   

n.形容词；adj.形容词的，用作形容词的

参考例句：

• Don't apply that adjective to me.不要用那个字眼来形容我。
• The adjective loose has several senses. 形容词loose有几个义项。