英语听力精选进阶版 7116

Background: 红头发的人是不是更怕疼呢？美国牙科协会杂志发表的一项调查研究认为，由于人体基因的不同对红头发的人进行麻醉难度较大。出于此因红发人和金发，棕发或黑发的人比，更不愿意去看牙医。请听记者Matt McGrath的报道，他本人也是红头发。

We redheads are well known for our fiery¹ tempers. Now it seems there is scientific backing for our ginger² whingeing as well.

Scientists in the United States studied a group of 144 dental patients almost half of whom had red hair. They found that the red-haired group were more sensitive to pain and as a result were twice as likely to avoid visiting the dentist.

Previous research had shown that gingers³ were more resistant⁴ to the effects of local anaesthesia than people with other hair colours.

The scientists say that this red-haired sensitivity to pain stems from the actions of a gene⁵ called MC1R. This is responsible for the production of melanin which gives skin and hair its colour. In about five percent of white people the gene is mutated leading to freckles⁶, fair skin and red hair.

Researchers say there are some receptors of this gene in the brain and that this could affect pain sensitivity.

Professor Daniel Sessler from the Cleveland Clinic in the United States is one of the authors of the study. He says the research is a considerable scientific breakthrough.

"Red hair is the first phenotype of anaesthetic requirement in humans. And what I mean by phenotype is an external characteristic.

"So lets say you are walking down the street and you see someone who's a little older and a little younger - that tells you nothing about their anaesthetic requirement. You see a man and a woman - that tells you nothing about their anaesthetic requirement. But you see a redhead - aha! You know that person is going to require 20 percent more general anaesthesia."

From my own personal experience I would say that there is some merit to this idea. I have found that I have had to ask dentists for extra anaesthetic in the middle of procedures.

Some dentists argue that a greater sensitivity to pain might actually benefit redheads and drive them to see the dentist more quickly. In my own case I can attest⁷ that is definitely not true.

GLOSSARY⁸ 词汇表

fiery tempers 火爆脾气 

scientific backing 有科学依据 

ginger 姜黄色 

whingeing 抱怨 

dental patients 牙科病人

sensitive 敏感的 

resistant 抵抗 

local anaesthesia 局部麻醉 

stems from

melanin黑色素 

mutated 产生突变 

freckles 雀斑 

receptors 接收器 

scientific breakthrough 科学创新发现 

phenotype 表现某一显性特征之生物个体或群体 

external characteristic 

外部特征 general anaesthesia 全身麻醉 

merit 价值，功绩 

attest 证明

Questions and Answers

1. Which two words are used to describe someone with red hair in the report? 

Redhead and ginger.

2. Are people with red hair more or less sensitive to pain? 

According to scientists in the US, redheads are more sensitive to pain.

3. What happens when the gene MC1R is mutated? 

It can lead to freckles, fair skin and red hair.

4. Does the reporter himself visit the dentist as soon as he feels pain? 

No.

1 fiery   

adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的

参考例句：

• She has fiery red hair.她有一头火红的头发。
• His fiery speech agitated the crowd.他热情洋溢的讲话激动了群众。

2 ginger   

n.姜，精力，淡赤黄色；adj.淡赤黄色的；vt.使活泼，使有生气

参考例句：

• There is no ginger in the young man.这个年轻人没有精神。
• Ginger shall be hot in the mouth.生姜吃到嘴里总是辣的。

3 gingers   

n.姜，生姜( ginger的名词复数 )；姜黄色

参考例句：

• Condiments: Salt, gourmet powder, rice wine, corianders, scallions, gingers and sesame oil. 调料：盐、味精、料酒、香菜、葱、姜、香油。 来自互联网

4 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

5 gene   

n.遗传因子，基因

参考例句：

• A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
• The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。

6 freckles   

n.雀斑，斑点( freckle的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• She had a wonderful clear skin with an attractive sprinkling of freckles. 她光滑的皮肤上有几处可爱的小雀斑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• When she lies in the sun, her face gets covered in freckles. 她躺在阳光下时，脸上布满了斑点。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 attest   

vt.证明，证实；表明

参考例句：

• I can attest to the absolute truth of his statement. 我可以证实他的话是千真万确的。
• These ruins sufficiently attest the former grandeur of the place. 这些遗迹充分证明此处昔日的宏伟。

8 glossary   

n.注释词表；术语汇编

参考例句：

• The text is supplemented by an adequate glossary.正文附有一个详细的词汇表。
• For convenience,we have also provided a glossary in an appendix.为了方便，我们在附录中也提供了术语表。