英语听力精选进阶版 7973

Rose from Beijing sent in this week’s question and she wants some advice on filling in forms in English. She came across items on a form she was filling in - initials¹ and family name – and wants to know the differences between them.

Callum from BBC Learning² English explained to us a little more about names in English. Everyone has a family name – the same name your other family members share. Family names are also known as last names or surnames³.

Everyone also has a given name - that's the name your parents chose for you when you were born. This is also known as your first name, Christian⁴ name or sometimes on forms you’ll see it called a forename.

However in the UK, and in fact in many other countries, people also have middle names. This is a name your parents will also choose for you – it might be that there is a much-loved relative your parents want to name you after, or maybe there is a tradition that every boy in your family has that name. It could just be that your parents like the sound of that name with your first name. Middle names are only usually used on forms and official documents though.

Your initials are the first letters of your first, middle and family names. So if your first name is John, your middle name is Robert and your family name is Smith – your initials will be J.R.S. On forms you are often asked for your family name and initials, so John Robert Smith would be J.R. Smith. The actress Nicole Kidman’s full name is Nicole Mary Kidman – so her initials and family name are N.M.Kidman.

Some other things you might need to know when you fill in a form in English:-

- When you see the word title it means how you are referred to officially. If you are a man you will be Mr. - Mr. Yang for example. If you are a married woman you will be Mrs. and if you aren’t married you will be Miss. However, a lot of women think it is unfair that you can't tell if a man is married from his title but you can a woman. So Ms. was created for women who want to use it.

- You often see D.O.B. written on forms. This stands for date of birth – the day you were born.

- You might see the words ‘Print your name’ on a form next to your signature. Here, print means to write clearly – not in joined-up writing. Sometimes signatures are hard to read so you have to print your name so that your name can be easily read.

- You will probably be asked to write on a form in BLOCK CAPITALS. This means write every letter as a capital so that it is easier to read your form.

We hope that has cleared up your confusion⁵ Rose and given you some good advice to help you when filling in forms.

Why not send us your own question about English? You can email us at [email protected]. You might see your question answered on our website so get writing!

Glossary⁶ 词汇

Came across 遇到

initials 姓名打头的大写字母

family name 姓

given name 名

middle names 中间名

a much-loved relative 一位被大家喜欢的亲属

to name someone after somebody 因为某人而给另一个人起相同名字

official documents 正式文件

actress 女演员

title 头衔、尊称

referred to 把某人叫作...

officially 正式的、官方的

unfair 不公平

date of birth 出生日期

print your name 以印刷体书写你的姓名

signature 签名

joined-up writing 写字连笔

block capitals 大写字母

cleared up your confusion 为你解惑

get writing 现在就写

1 initials   

n.首字母，姓名

参考例句：

• a glass tankard with his initials etched on it 刻有他姓名首字母的玻璃大酒杯
• All the towels were personalized with their initials. 所有毛巾上都标有物主姓名的首字母。

2 learning   

n.学问，学识，学习；动词learn的现在分词

参考例句：

• When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时，常会从车上掉下来。
• Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。

3 surnames   

n.姓( surname的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Everybody called each other by their surnames. 大家相互之间都以姓氏相称。 来自辞典例句
• The author index has entries arranged in alphabetical order of author's surnames. 著者索引中有按著者姓氏字母顺序排列的著录。 来自辞典例句

4 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

5 confusion   

n.困惑，迷乱，混淆，混乱，骚乱

参考例句：

• His answers to my questions have only added to my confusion.他对我的问题的回答只是使我更加困惑不解。
• His unexpected arrival threw us into total confusion.他的突然来访使我们完全不知所措。

6 glossary   

n.注释词表；术语汇编

参考例句：

• The text is supplemented by an adequate glossary.正文附有一个详细的词汇表。
• For convenience,we have also provided a glossary in an appendix.为了方便，我们在附录中也提供了术语表。