英语听力精选进阶版 11219

Dis(s) 

Professor David Crystal 

Prefixes³, almost by definition, don't occur as separate words. I 

mean, that's what they're for: they're for modifying a word, 

occurring before a word, and making it change its meaning - 

happy, un-happy,  national, de-nationalise and all this sort of thing. 

They don't normally occur as words on their own. But 

occasionally they do. 

You've perhaps heard 'anti' - he's very 'anti' something, a-n-t-i. 

Or he's very 'pro¹' something -- well they're prefixes which have 

suddenly become different words. Now they've been around a 

long time. A recent one, an absolutely fascinating one, is this 

prefix² 'dis': d-i-s, or sometimes d-i-s-s. It's from the word 

'disrespect', to show disrespect to somebody, from the noun, by 

insulting language, or insulting behaviour. It means basically to put 

somebody down. 

It's American, black English slang really, and it's been around since about 1980. 

And what's happened, it's come to be used as a full verb. You can say now 'I 

dissed him' - to diss, I dissed him - or 'stop dissing her'. And that's the interesting 

thing, that it's the prefix that's become the verb! It's a most remarkable 

development. 

1 pro   

n.赞成，赞成的意见，赞成者

参考例句：

• The two debating teams argued the question pro and con.辩论的两组从赞成与反对两方面辩这一问题。
• Are you pro or con nuclear disarmament?你是赞成还是反对核裁军？

2 prefix   

n.前缀；vt.加…作为前缀；置于前面

参考例句：

• We prefix "Mr."to a man's name.我们在男士的姓名前加“先生”。
• In the word "unimportant ","un-" is a prefix.在单词“unimportant”中“un”是前缀。

3 prefixes   

n.前缀( prefix的名词复数 )；人名前的称谓；前置代号（置于前面的单词或字母、数字）

参考例句：

• The prefixes cis and trans are frequently applied to disubstituted cycloalkanes. 词头顺和反常用于双取代的环烷烃。 来自辞典例句
• Why do you use so many prefixes while talking? 你说起话来，怎么这么多中缀？ 来自互联网